tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-53949443611442010122024-02-20T05:26:47.719-08:00What is a hook in writingAmandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17221577126688411374noreply@blogger.comBlogger223125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5394944361144201012.post-23098910189408419452020-08-24T12:26:00.001-07:002020-08-24T12:26:06.099-07:00River Woods Plant Manager Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 wordsWaterway Woods Plant Manager - Case Study Example All together for the undertaking to be fruitful, the director will be expected to concoct methodologies to deal with the venture along with the subordinates and the normal difficulties. This will be particularly useful in light of the fact that he will be new, with another venture and current subordinates who have been utilizing useful lines of detailing. For this situation there is a presentation of another plant in an area away from the central command. Current faculty will be moved to work at the area of the new plant and any additional staff will be taken to different branches. The new plant is seen to be practical later on and it will have new techniques for creation, labor necessity just as lower cost of creation since it will be mechanized. The new plant is being utilized to execute a decentralized arrangement of the board flagging a move away from the brought together framework where there was work line revealing. In the unified technique, advertising was under the VP, fabricating and different capacities under senior VP and no plant had a head supervisor. In the new framework the senior supervisor will assume responsibility for work force and all capacity put something aside for deals and promoting (Whetten and Cameron, 2007). There are worries over a move from line answering to plant level concentration just as redesigning the present staff to utilize the new plant. Utilization of the new plant, setting of techniques, machine structure and creation plan are relied upon to represent a test. There are objections from the present representatives over moving to a littler town who are likewise disappointed with their new jobs. These are similar individuals who will be relied upon to cultivate solidarity of the plant and aid accomplishment of the new plant and the whole organization. Issues are normal between chiefs concerning power sharing and showing them on the best way to practice their capacity with the new changes. In a hierarchical setting, individual intensity of the administrator Amandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17221577126688411374noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5394944361144201012.post-36602905834464882422020-08-22T01:19:00.001-07:002020-08-22T01:19:31.396-07:00Social Facts Essay ExampleSocial Facts Essay A. Social Facts Durkheim characterized social realities as things outer to, and coercive of, the entertainer. These are made from aggregate powers and don't exude from the individual (Hadden, p. 104). While they may not appear to be recognizable, social realities are things, and are to be concentrated observationally, not insightfully (Ritzer, p. 78). They can't be concluded from unadulterated explanation or thought, yet require an investigation of history and society so as to watch their belongings and comprehend the idea of these social realities. In The Rules of Sociological Method, Durkheim starts by noticing highlights, for example, the accompanying (quote 3): Social Facts. At the point when I satisfy my commitments as sibling, spouse, or resident, when I execute my agreements, I perform obligations which are characterized, remotely to myself and my demonstrations, in law and in custom. Regardless of whether they fit in with my own suppositions and I feel their existence abstractly, such the truth is as yet objective, for I didn't make them; I only acquired them through my training. (Rules, p. 1). As instances of social realities, Durkheim refers to strict convictions, money used to attempt exchanges, and factors, for example, the practices followed in my calling (Rules, p. 2). These sorts of direct or thought are outer to the person as well as are, also, invested with coercive force, by righteousness of which they force themselves upon him, autonomous of his individual will. (Rules, p. 2). While commitments, qualities, mentalities, and convictions may seem, by all accounts, to be singular, Durkheim contends that these social realities exist at the degree of society overall, emerging from social connections and human affiliation. They exist because of social collaborations and recorded improvements over extensive stretches of time, and originate from fluctuating aggregate portrayals and differing types of social association (Hadden, p. 04). As people who are brought up in a general public, these social realities are found out (through socialization) and for the most part acknowledged, however the individual has nothing to do with setting up these. While society is made out of people, society isn't only the entirety of people, and these realities exist at th e degree of society, not at the individual level. All things considered, these social realities do exist, they are the social truth of society, a reality that comprises the correct investigation of human science (Cuff et al. , p. 33). The investigation of social realities is the unmistakable article or topic of human science (Hadden, p. 105). Durkheim istinguishes social realities from mental, organic, or financial realities by taking note of that these are social and established in bunch assumptions and qualities. Simultaneously, he separates the investigation of social realities from theory by taking note of that the genuine impacts of social realities are showed in outer pointers of opinions, for example, strict tenets, laws, moral codes (Hadden, p. 105) and these impacts can be watched and concentrated by the humanist. The investigation of social realities is in this way a huge piece of the investigation of human science. So as to do this, the humanist must free themselves of pr eviously established inclinations (Hadden, p. 07) and embrace target study which can concentrate on objective, outer markers, for example, strict tenets or laws (Hadden, p. 107). Every social truth is genuine, something that is compelling on the individual and outside to the entertainer. The social reality isn't simply in the brain of the individual â⬠that is, these realities are more than mental realities. That these exist in the public arena in general, after some time, and once in a while across social orders, gives some evidence of this. Simultaneously they are in the brains of people so they are likewise mental states. We will compose a custom exposition test on Social Facts explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Social Facts explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Social Facts explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Ritzer noticed that social realities can be viewed as mental wonders that are outer to and coercive of mental realities, for example, human impulses. The individual mental state could be considered to mediate between social truth and activity (Ritzer, p. 105). Durkheim might not have given an adequate investigation of the suspicions basic, or the qualities of, these psychological states. For Durkheim the investigation of humanism ought to be the investigation of social realities, endeavoring to discover the reasons for social realities and the elements of these social realities. Social realities control human social activity and go about as imperatives over individual conduct and activity. They might be authorized with law, with unmistakably characterized punishments related with infringement of the notions and estimations of the gathering. Approvals might be related with social realities, for instance as in religion, where obstruction may bring about objection from others or from otherworldly pioneers. People might be uninformed of social realities and for the most part acknowledge them. For this situation, people may acknowledge the qualities and codes of society and acknowledge them as their own. Two sorts of social realities are material and non-material social realities. Material social realities are highlights of society, for example, social structures and establishments. These could be the arrangement of law, the economy, church and numerous parts of religion, the state, and instructive organizations and structures. They could likewise incorporate highlights, for example, channels of correspondence, urban structures, and populace dissemination. While these are significant for understanding the structures and type of association in any general public, it is nonmaterial social realities that comprise the principle subject of investigation of human science. Nonmaterial social realities are social realities which don't have a material reality. They comprise of highlights, for example, standards, qualities, and frameworks of profound quality. Some contemporary models are the standard of the one to three kid family, the positive qualities related with family structures, and the negative affiliations associated with animosity and outrage. In Durkheims wording, a portion of these nonmaterial social realities are profound quality, aggregate awareness, and social flows. A case of the last is Durkheims examination of self destruction. Social realities can likewise be separated into typical and obsessive social realities (Hadden, pp. 08-9). Typical social realities are the most broadly conveyed and valuable social realities, aiding the upkeep of society and public activity. Obsessive social realities are those that we may connect with social issues and ills of different kinds. Self destruction is one case of this, where social realities should b e unique. For Durkheim, the a lot more prominent recurrence of the ordinary is verification of the predominance of the typical. Durkheim later altered the idea of a solitary aggregate cognizance, and received the view that there were aggregate portrayals as a component of explicit conditions of bases of the system. That is, there might be various standards and qualities for various gatherings inside society. These aggregate portrayals are likewise social realities since they are in the awareness of some group and are not reducible to singular consciousnesses (Ritzer, p. 87). The social structures, foundations, standards and qualities that have become some portion of the investigation of human science can be gotten from Durkheims approach, and today there is little trouble recognizing social science from brain research. B. Self destruction After Durkheim composed The Rules of Sociological Method, he handled the subject of self destruction for instance of how a humanist can contemplate a subject that appears to be very close to home, with no social viewpoint to it â⬠in any event, being hostile to social. It could be contended that self destruction is such an individual demonstration, that it includes just close to home brain research and simply singular points of view. Durkheims point was not to clarify or foresee an individual inclination to self destruction, however to clarify one sort of nonmaterial social realities, social flows. Social flows are qualities of society, yet might not have the lastingness and soundness that a few pieces of aggregate awareness or aggregate portrayal have. They might be related with developments, for example, excitement, ire, and pity. (Ritzer, p. 87). Hadden takes note of that Durkheim wished to show that sociological elements were fit for clarifying much about such enemy of social marvels (Hadden, p. 109). On account of self destruction, these social flows are communicated as self destruction rates, rates that vary among social orders, and among various gatherings in the public eye. These rates show regularities after some time, with changes in the rates frequently happening at comparable occasions in various social orders. In this way these rates can be supposed to be social realities (or if nothing else the factual portrayal of social realities) as in they are close to home, yet are cultural attributes. This can be found in the accompanying statement (quote 12): Suicide Rates as Social Facts. At every snapshot of its history, consequently, every general public has a distinct inclination for self destruction. The general power of this bent is estimated by taking the extent between the absolute number of intentional passings and the number of inhabitants in each age and sex. We will consider this numerical datum the pace of mortality through self destruction, normal for the general public viable. The self destruction rate is in this manner a true request, brought together and unequivocal, as is appeared by the two its perpetual quality and its fluctuation. For this lastingness would be strange in the event that it were not the aftereffect of a gathering of particular attributes, solidary with each other, and at the same time successful regardless of various specialist conditions; and this inconstancy demonstrates the solid and individual nature of these equivalent qualities, since they shift with the individual character of society itself. To put it plainly, these measurable information express the self-destructive propensity with which every general public is all things considered harrowed. Every general public is predispo Amandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17221577126688411374noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5394944361144201012.post-88264085883744031592020-07-20T16:56:00.001-07:002020-07-20T16:56:03.219-07:00Asking Small Talk Follow-Up Questions When You Have SADAsking Small Talk Follow-Up Questions When You Have SAD July 17, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Reza Estakhrian/Taxi/Getty Images Follow-up questions are an important part of the conversation. Without follow-up questions, you and your conversation partner will end up asking and responding to a series of questions without ever talking in-depth about any particular topicâ"which will feel awkward. Follow-up questions keep the conversation moving forward and allow for clarification and elaboration of details. However, if you live with social anxiety disorder, asking follow-up questions or even making small talk in the first place may feel uncomfortableâ"or downright anxiety-provoking. While you work on your social anxiety with the help of treatment, use the tips below to also brush up on your small talk skills. Having this list of types of questions ready will give you confidence and help to reduce the social anxiety that you feel. Steps to Asking Follow-Up Questions Small talk generally starts with a conversation about topics such as the weather, family, work, hobbies, and other interests. There are two ways to get another person to talk: by asking yes/no or open-ended questions. Yes/No Questions Yes/no questions require only a yes or no answer from your conversation partner. These questions often start with words such as would, should, is, are, did, do, etc. Did you watch the season finale of The Voice last night?Do you go to church on Sundays?Do you like to travel? Open-Ended Questions Obviously, you can see how some of the above yes/no questions would lead to a conversation. However, you can also lead your partner deeper into topics by asking questions that take a bit more explanation. These questions take a different form, beginning with words such as how, why, what, and where. How many siblings do you have?What do you do for fun on the weekend?How do you like being an accountant? Whether you begin small talk by asking yes/no questions or open-ended questions, you will want to ask follow-up questions to further the conversation. 10 Best and Worst Small Talk Topics Follow-Up Questions If your conversation partner responds that he did watch The Voice (or any other show) the night before, follow up with a question to obtain more details: Who is your favorite judge on the show?Who do you think is going to win? It is best to choose a topic that you know a little bit about so that you can follow the other persons response with your own point of view. If the person responds to the open-ended question by saying that he has one sister, some potential follow-up questions might include: Where does she live?What does she do?How often do you see her? When thinking of follow-up questions, the following keywords can be used to build upon: Who?What?How? Why? Where? When? Meaning? And? Once you are in the habit of asking follow-up questions, it will become easier to generate them during a conversation. Remember, though, to always listen carefully to what the other person has to say. Only formulate your question once the person has finished speaking because what he or she says will likely affect what you ask next. One way to do this is by practicing active listening, in which you listen as though you might need to explain what the person is saying to someone else. If something doesnt make sense or you dont understand it, ask for clarification. Practicing Active Listening in Your Daily Conversations Reading Between the Lines Through Follow-up Questions Sometimes during the conversation, the other person will give you little pieces of information that hint at what he or she wants you to ask about next. A person might say something like I have been working as an accountant, but Im not sure for how much longer. In this instance, consider asking follow-up questions that help you to clarify what the other person is thinking: What do you mean by that? or Why do you think that? Use these when you feel the need to understand the other persons point of view or how they are feeling about a particular topic. This is particularly helpful if the person has dropped hints about a deeper meaning than the actual words he or she is saying. More Tips for Follow-Up Questions Show interest and encourage the other person to speak by smiling and nodding during the conversation.Keep up-to-date on news, entertainment, and sporting events, so its easier to ask yes/no and follow-up questions.Interject with statements like Tell me more or Sounds interesting to encourage the other person.Offer sympathy and support, rather than asking for more details, if someone discloses something personal such as a recent death in the family or a divorce. The person may just want to explain his situation so that you know why he is not acting like himself. Leave it up to him to decide how much to share.Dont be quick to jump in if there is silence. Allow the other person time to respond and dont interrupt. How to Socialize More Easily When You Have SAD Genuine Interest When you first start making small talk, you might just be trying to make yourself and the other person comfortable. That is when there is often quick back and forth of yes and no type questions. It is when you start to become genuinely interested in what the other person has to say that the conversation takes a life of its own. Soâ"focus less on getting the details of asking follow-up questions right, and more on becoming genuinely interested in the other person. A Word From Verywell Use these tips when you find yourself needing to make small talk with a stranger or someone you dont know well. Remember, even though your socially-anxious self may seek perfectionâ"this shouldnt be your goal. Instead, picture your end goal of making a new friend and see the question-and-answer process as a necessary step in building that friendship. Amandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17221577126688411374noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5394944361144201012.post-81830063662727351092020-05-21T23:16:00.001-07:002020-05-21T23:16:04.437-07:00The Total Effects Of Boot Camps That House Juveniles The Total Effects of Boot Camps That House Juveniles: A Systematic Review of the Evidence. In the 1980s the first shock incarceration programs or boot camp was introduced for the adultââ¬â¢s correctional system. Since than it have rapidly grown, and widely adopted across the fields of corrections and juvenile justice. The attraction towards the shock incarceration program originated from the instinctive belief that military methods promote honorable behavior. However, for others, it is the effect of hopelessness fueled by the shortfall of more constructive opportunities. Historically, training school and juvenile correctional facilities operation have been according to the quasi-military structure in response to the high crime rates in 1960s and 1970s. Regardless of boot camps initial popularity, academics and practitioners have criticized the boot camp program on practical and ideological grounds. For instance, critics argued that boot camps structure and process are ideologically incomparable with rehabilitative treatment. Academics and practitioners argued that boot camps may be efficient at achieving their expected goals for the military, but they are contradictory to rehabilitation because it is not targeting the cause of delinquency. Likewise, boot camp can also hinder rehabilitation by relying only on negative reinforcement. Moreover, experts have argued that boot camp may be partly responsible for the abuse of participants since many boot camps stick to theShow MoreRelated Juvenile Boot Camps Do Not Reduce Juvenile Delinquency Essay3001 W ords à |à 13 PagesIntroduction Juvenile delinquency is a relatively new phenomenon. For this reason, societyââ¬â¢s reactions and solutions to the problem of delinquency are also modern developments. The United States developed the first youth court in 1899 and is now home to many new and formerly untested methods of juvenile rehabilitation and correction. One of many unique programs within the Juvenile Justice system, boot camps are institutions designed to keep delinquent juveniles out of traditional incarcerationRead MorePrison Overcrowding : The United States1535 Words à |à 7 Pagesfor minor and major offences such as murder. America is hard on crime. When someone breaks the law the criminal justiceââ¬â¢s system seeks an eye for an eye. 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Along with a general feeling of disapproval from the people within their social circles, reporting to or being visited at home or work by parole officers, repeatedRead MoreCriminals and Society: The Battle Between Reintegration and Recidivism3286 Words à |à 14 Pagesincarcerated citizens rises, but the number of actual rehabilitated persons decreases. Even in the face of community programs aimed at aiding released offenders with their bids at reintegration, job training programs within the jails themselves, and boot camp release programs, there are often significant roadblocks to successful reintegration. Along with a general feeling of disapproval from the people within their social circles, reporting to or being visited at home or work by parole officers, repeatedRead MoreUnderstanding Emotional Differences between Male and Female Prisoners through Deficiency Theory and Importation Theory4979 Words à |à 20 Pagesthe amount of problems posed by the establishment or the incarceration know-how which are thought to bring on specific adaptations or responses; introduction refers to dissimilar dispositions brought in from the exterior by the inmates who have an effect on their adaptation or response to the prison setting (Aday Webster, 1979). Importation factors would comprise sex differences and the demographic disparities of men and women inmates. Sex distinctions, as discussed earlier, may be biological Amandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17221577126688411374noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5394944361144201012.post-66865191678912797402020-05-06T23:56:00.001-07:002020-05-06T23:56:09.603-07:00Descriptive Essay - Original Writing - 1471 Words When I was a young child, my family and I would travel to Vermont to stay with my grandparents. They lived on a mountain a little way out from the small town of Troy, Vermont. The land overflowed with the most beautiful trees and wildlife that I have ever seen. My grandfather protected his lands, he ensured that no one would hunt on them so that the animals would be safe from poachers. I would sit outside in the grass of our backyard clearing and just stare out into the wilderness that surrounded me. Some of my cousins felt scared of the woods, but I loved them like they were a part of me. For hours, I would gaze into the trees and watch the wild creatures, it was peace for me. Deerââ¬â¢s would come so close to the clearing that I could seeâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Envision a world filled with nothing but cities, roads, and interstates. That there were no trees to stare at while you drove to see your family, that wonders like the Amazon Rain Forest no longer existed. Imagine what that world would be like. An environment devoid of nature, made up of only concrete and steel. This may be the human raceââ¬â¢s fate if urbanization continues. If we stop urban encroachment on nature, such as deforestation, we can start to rebuild nature for greater chances of physical and mental wellbeing. So our children have the chance to feel the peace and happiness that I once did. A multitude of studies have been initiated to research the relationship between human health and nature. Many of these studies have found that there exists a positive association between natural environments and mental health. The more nature that people expose themselves to, the more it impacts their wellbeing. I believe that the preservation of the natural environment will have a positive effect on human health by reducing stress levels and increasing mental wellbeing and vivacity. To better understand the urgency behind the preservation of nature, one must first understand itââ¬â¢s long history. No one knows what the world looked like thousands of years ago, but I imagine it being wild, free, and full of life. All forms of life wandering about the Earth, living their natural lifecycles. We, the Species Homo sapiens, first appeared in Africa, soon after we Amandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17221577126688411374noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5394944361144201012.post-10531758906682871592020-05-06T08:48:00.001-07:002020-05-06T08:48:09.466-07:00The International Company Logistics Free Essays Logistics is the designing and managing of a system in order to control the flow of material throughout a corporation. This is a very important part of an international company because of geographical barriers. Logistics of an international company includes movement of raw materials, coordinating flows into and out of different countries, choices of transportation, cost of the transportation, packaging the product for shipment, storing the product, and managing the entire process. We will write a custom essay sample on The International Company Logistics or any similar topic only for you Order Now The concept of logistics is fairly new in the business world. The theoretical development was not used until 1966. Since then, many business practices have evolved and logistics currently costs between 10 and 25 percent of the total cost of an international purchase. There are two main phases that are important in the movement of materials: material management and physical distribution. Materials management is the timely movement of raw materials, parts, and supplies. The physical distribution is the movement of the firmâ⬠s finished products to the customers. Both phases involve every stage of the process including storage. The ultimate goal of logistics is to coordinate all efforts of the company to maintain a cost effective flow of goods. There are four logistics concepts: the systems concept, the total cost concept, the after-tax concept, and the trade-off concept. The systems concept is based on all functions of a organization working together in order to maximize benefits. This concept sometimes requires certain components of the organization to operate suboptimally in order to achieve maximum goals of the system. The total cost concept is based on the systems concept, however goal achievement is measured in terms of cost. A variation of the total cost concept is the after-tax concept. This goal of this concept is after-tax profit. This concept is becoming very popular because of the many different national tax policies. The trade-off concept links the system together in a way that is very efficient, but can have trade-offs that might be inefficient. The advantages of such high efficiency must be weighed against the risk involved. One of the largest obstacles of international logistics is geography. The distance and manner materials must be shipped is the most important step in international logistics. Transportation infrastructures vary greatly throughout the world. International companies must consider all options before starting any operation in another country. Perhaps a country could have easy access by ship, but no way to transport the goods once on the ground. All available routes into and out of the country must be determined in order to judge the feasibility of the operation. Ground shipments are excellent for neighboring countries such as the U.S. and Mexico. Normally, shipping across ground borders is fairly uneventful and is usually the best method if time and distance allow it. Ocean shipments are divided by three types of service: liner, bulk, and tramp. Liner service is regularly scheduled passages on assigned and established routes. This ship routes are similar to taking a plane somewhere. This service is used more for one-time or irregular shipments. Bulk service is contractual for a prolonged period of time. This service is for those needing to ship large quantities on a fairly regular basis. Tramp service is for irregular routes and scheduled as needed. This service would be to destinations liner service normally does not operate, and for large quantities. The type of ocean service you use also depends on where the material must go. Certain types of ships can only go to certain places, and certain ships can only carry a certain type of freight. All alternatives must be fully researched before ocean service can be considered as a valid option. The biggest advantage of ocean shipping is cost. Typically, ocean service is the least costly option, however is also has the slowest travel time. Accidents are infrequent, however if one would happen, large quantities of material are lost all at once. Certain operations could not sustain long periods of down-time caused by lost goods, which could prove devastating. Additionally, not all countries have adequate docking facilities and material may have to be delivered in another manner. Sometimes, the material can be ocean shipped to a neighboring country, and then trucked across land. Air freight is the quickest method for shipping goods. It also is the most costly. While the airfreight industry has had tremendous growth over the years, it still makes up less than 1 percent of all international freight. Typically, airfreight is used for high value items, and those required to have a short transit time. Perishable goods for instance, practically requires air shipment. Another advantage to air freight is the abundance of facilities throughout the world that are accessible by air. Transit time is another important aspect of international logistics, and is closely related to the manner in which the material is shipped. Because the ocean freight takes longer, large quantities are shipped. This requires storage of inventory in both countries. By using air freight, the smaller quantities and more periodic shipments can reduce storage costs. Air freight is also more predictable than ocean shipments. Where a ship may be a few days late, the air freight is usually only a few hours late. Predictability is important for many types of shipments, and when it is required, air freight is the mode of choice. Packaging for international shipments must also be researched. Many times, a single shipment may be trucked, air freighted, and shipped. Packaging for three different types of shipping can be tricky. The most common type of international shipping is in containers. These containers can ride on a truck and then be placed on a ship. Beyond general packaging, climate changes must also be taken into consideration. Care must be taken that the freight is not susceptible to extreme temperatures or humidity. When air freight is being used, the weight of the packaging must be considered for maximum benefit. Extremely heavy packaging can add thousands of dollars to an air freight bill. Logistics of a storage facility is also very important. How many locations and where they are located must be closely researched in order to yield the most benefit. Sometimes, a location can be chosen based on monetary benefit in addition to logistical benefit. Certain enterprise zones can greatly increase after-tax profits. These types of areas must be researched and compared for cost/benefit. The final part of logistics is how to tie this system together. All of these different options and concepts must flow together and operate as efficiently as possible. There are three basic forms of logistics management. Centralized logistics management provides that the logistics operations are headed by managers that also head other divisions of the company. This type of management helps avoid internal problems by having a central manager that ultimately decides how logistics and operations are coordinated. Decentralized logistics management is based on the fact that a company needs to have a division that helps control the local-adaptation needs. Dealing with different cultures requires input from the local branch. The managers that deal with the cultural differences on a daily basis normally know what works and what doesnâ⬠t. Outsourcing is the final option for logistics management. When this happens, transportation firms concentrate on logistics, and the company can concentrate on itâ⬠s production. There are many cost savings using this type of program, however that lack of control can negatively effect many companies. International logistics requires many different options and requirements to be met in order for a company to operate internationally. Itâ⬠s like a big puzzle that must be put together, in order for all the goals to be met. As described above, there are many options to consider, and sometimes what appears to be an option really isnâ⬠t. It is not difficult to hit a road block, and you must start over with a new plan. Once the logistics plan is in place, you must constantly look for improvements in order to maximize profits and goals. How to cite The International Company Logistics, Essay examples Amandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17221577126688411374noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5394944361144201012.post-6580010979796766292020-04-26T16:03:00.001-07:002020-04-26T16:03:01.987-07:00Water Protection The Clean Water Act free essay sample There is a law in America called The Clean Water Act. In this paper, I will focus on the act and figure out what it is. I will also show how the US government protects clean water, what kinds of policies they have regarding the Clean Water Act, how the executive branch enforces these polices and how we can participate in that. If we want to know more information about the quality of water in the US, we have to figure out what the Clean Water Act is first. Clean Water Act is the principal law governing pollution of the nations surface waters. It has another name, which is the Federal Water Pollution Control Act. The purpose of the act is to improve the quality of water; the act has since been expanded and is still being implemented by industries and municipalities. Although it was enacted in 1948, it was totally revised by amendments in 1972 that gave the act its current shape. We will write a custom essay sample on Water Protection: The Clean Water Act or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Early on, the emphasis was on controlling dischargers of conventional pollutants, but now it moves to control of toxic pollutants, which are a key factor of water quality recently. Under this act, federal Jurisdiction is broad, particularly regarding establishment of national tandards or effluent limitations. The act claims that all discharges into the nations waters are unlawful, unless specifically authorized by a permit, which is the acts principal enforcement tool. The law has civil, criminal, and administrative enforcement provisions and also permits citizen suit enforcement. (Summary, 2012) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a government agency concerned with the American environment and its impact on human health, enforces the Clean Water Act. This group is part of the bureaucracy which is in the executive branch to improve ater quality protection and Clean Water Act since 1970. Although there was a big significant change after EPA took over the Clean Water Act, in 2000 still 40 percent of nations waterways were too polluted to swim and fish in because EPA had not paid attention to the wetlands. Therefore, EPA began to emphasize wetlands protection under the Clean Water Act and the applications of the Act were expanded. Under the Clean Water Act, if a factory wants to discharge the regulated chemicals into surface waters, they have to get a permit which the EPA requires polluters to obtain for every hemical they discharge. The point is that EPA has the power to issue the permit, so EPA plays a good role in the water quality pollution. Not only does EPA deal with the protection of water quality, it also pays attention to cleaning up already polluted waterways. It introduced new rules that encouraged each state to identify dirty waterways and established standards to help eliminate sources of pollution. The each waterway could absorb. Then the states had to decide which waterways needed to reduce pollution. After a series of policies, the water quality in America is getting etter. Amandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17221577126688411374noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5394944361144201012.post-31868481323110718212020-03-18T23:16:00.001-07:002020-03-18T23:16:02.950-07:00Hitler and Nazi Germany essaysHitler and Nazi Germany essays In July 1932, Hitler and the Nazi party won 230 seats in the Reichstag elections, becoming the single biggest party in the Reichstag. Ein volk, ein reich, ein fuhrer. This phrase, which means one people, one state, one leader forms the elemental foundation of the Nazi identity. The Nazis governed Germany with a fascist outlook, they believed unity was important. Numerous factors contributed to the Nazi identity, these factors reinforced the concept of unity and they are reflected in the actions taken by the Nazi government. After the loss of World War One, the social atmosphere in Germany was one of bitter resentment. He and future-Nazis were confused about the loss of the war. As far as they knew, Germany had been winning the war until their leaders (the Weimar government) inexplicably called for peace. Like many other Germans, the Nazis believed the stab in the back myth. They thought that the Jews were involved in a world-wide conspiracy against Germany, that the Jews were the enemy within. Inevitably, along with the loss of the war came the Treaty of Versailles which set the terms of peace between Germany and the Allies, this was signed by the Weimar government in 1919. The terms of the treaty destroyed Germanys status as a super-power in Europe. The terms included: military disarmament - no army or navy, only a small defence force of 100,000 men was allowed; considerable loss of territory - thirteen percent of land was taken; huge sums of reparations were to be paid to the Allies and Germa ny was forced to accept all blame for the war. The condition of life in Germany deteriorated rapidly due to the inflation that occurred following the signing of the Treaty. The Nazis, as fascists, believed in a strong state and the Treaty had greatly weakened Germany. In the Treaty they saw the indispensable need to rebuild Germany and to reclaim the lost land. They wanted to... Amandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17221577126688411374noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5394944361144201012.post-42951529783323596552020-03-02T15:02:00.001-08:002020-03-02T15:02:02.627-08:00Biography of Abraham Lincoln, 16th U.S. PresidentBiography of Abraham Lincoln, 16th U.S. President Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809ââ¬âApril 15, 1865) was the 16th president of the United States, serving from 1861 to 1865. During his time in office, the nation fought the Civil War, which claimed hundreds of thousands of lives. One of Lincolns greatest accomplishments was the abolition of slavery in 1864. Fast Facts: Abraham Lincoln Known For: U.S. president from March 4, 1861ââ¬âMarch 3, 1865; issuedà Emancipation Proclamation in 1862, freeing slaves in the southern United StatesAlso Known As: Honest AbeBorn: February 12, 1809 in Sinking Spring Farm, KentuckyDied: April 15, 1865 in Washington, D.C.Spouse: Mary Todd Lincoln (m. 1842ââ¬â1865)Children: Robert, Edward, Willie, TadNotable Quote: Whenever I hear anyone arguing for slavery, I feel a strong impulse to see it tried on him personally. Early Life Abraham Lincoln was born in Hardin County, Kentucky, on February 12, 1809. He moved to Indiana in 1816 and lived there the rest of his youth. His mother died when he was 9 but he was very close to his stepmother, who urged him to read. Lincoln himself stated that he had about one year of formal education. However, he was taught by many different individuals. He loved to read and learn from any books he could get his hands on. On November 4,à 1842, Lincoln marriedà Mary Todd. She had grown up in relative wealth. Many historians believe that Todd was mentally unbalanced; she struggled with mental health issues throughout her life and may have suffered from bipolar disorder. The Lincolns had four children, all but one of whom died young. Edward died at age 3 in 1850. Robert Todd grew up to be a politician,à lawyer, and diplomat. William Wallace died at the age of 12. He was the presidents only child to die in the White House. Thomas Tad died at 18. Military Career In 1832, Lincoln enlisted to fight in the Black Hawk War. He was quickly elected captain of a company of volunteers. His company joined regulars under Colonel Zachary Taylor. Lincoln only served 30 days in this capacity and then signed on as a private in the Mounted Rangers. He then joined the Independent Spy Corps. He saw no real action during his short stint in the military. Political Career Lincoln worked as a clerk before joining the military. He ran for the Illinois state legislature and lost in 1832. He was appointed as postmaster of New Salem, Illinois by Andrew Jackson and later elected as a Whig to the state legislature, where he served from 1834 to 1842. Lincoln studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1836. From 1847 to 1849 he served as a U.S. Representative in Congress. He was elected to the state legislature in 1854 but resigned to run for the U.S. Senate. He gave his famous house divided speech after being nominated. Lincoln-Douglas Debates Lincoln debated his opponent for the Senate seat, Stephen Douglas, seven times in what became known as the Lincoln-Douglas Debates. While they agreed on many issues, the two disagreed over the morality of slavery. Lincoln did not believe that slavery should spread any further through the United States, while Douglas argued for popular sovereignty. Lincoln explained that while he was not asking for equality, he believed African-Americans should receive the rights granted to all Americans in the Declaration of Independence: life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Lincoln lost the election to Douglas. Presidential Election In 1860, Lincoln was nominated for the presidency by the Republican Party with Hannibal Hamlin as his running mate. He ran on a platform denouncing disunion and calling for an end to slavery in the territories. The Democrats were divided, with Stephen Douglas representing the Democrats and John Breckinridge the National (Southern) Democrats nominee. John Bell ran for the Constitutional Union Party, which took away votes from Douglas. In the end, Lincoln won 40 percent of the popular vote and 180 of the 303 electoral college votes. Since he was in a four-way race, this was enough to ensure his victory. First Presidential Term The main event of Lincolns presidency was theà Civil War,à which lasted from 1861 to 1865.à Eleven states seceded from the Union, and Lincoln firmly believed in the importance of not only defeating the Confederacy but also reuniting North and South to preserve the Union. In September 1862, Lincoln issued theà Emancipation Proclamation. This declaration freed the slaves in all of the Southern states. In 1864, Lincoln promotedà Ulysses S. Grantà to commander of all Union forces. Reelection The Republicans, at this point called the National Union Party, had some concern that Lincoln wouldnt win but still renominated him for a second term with Andrew Johnson as his vice president. Their platform demanded unconditional surrender and an official end to slavery. Challenger George McClellan had been relieved as the head of the Union armies by Lincoln. His platform was that the war was a failure, and Lincoln had taken away too many civil liberties. Lincoln won reelection after the war turned in the Norths favor. In April 1865, Richmond fell andà Confederate General Robert E. Leeà surrendered atà Appomattox Courthouse. In the end, the war was the most costlyà in American history and also the bloodiest, with hundreds of thousands of casualties. Slavery was forever ended with the passage of theà Thirteenth Amendment. Death On April 14, 1865, Lincoln was assassinated while attending a play at Fords Theater in Washington, D.C. Actor John Wilkes Booth shot him in the back of the head before jumping onto the stage and escaping to Maryland. Lincoln died on April 15 and was buried in Springfield, Illinois. John Parrot / Stocktrek Images / Getty Images On April 26, Booth was found hiding in a barn, which was set on fire. He was then shot and killed. Eight conspirators were punished for their roles in the plot to kill the president. Legacy Lincoln is considered by many scholars to be one of the most accomplished and successful presidents in United States history. He is credited with holding the Union together and leading the North to victory in the Civil War. Furthermore, his actions led to the emancipation of African-Americans from the bonds of slavery. Sources Donald, David Herbert.à Lincoln. Niagara, 1996.Gienapp, William E.à Abraham Lincoln and Civil War America: a Biography. Oxford University Press, 2002. Amandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17221577126688411374noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5394944361144201012.post-78412709262804160392020-02-15T06:28:00.001-08:002020-02-15T06:28:02.635-08:00Reflection articles Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsReflection articles - Article Example Thus, the issue of disrespect can be resolved in a number of ways. First, one has to review the kind of relationship he or she has with others in the office. Secondly, compare yourself with other professionals and listen to the view of other people about their jobs. Lastly, challenge yourself by setting and achieving several goals that are related to his or her career. In any group of individuals, there must be issues arising regularly. These issues are best handled through appropriate methods of resolution. Thus, in resolution of issues, one has to focus on the following aspects: Convert the complaints to respect, make sure all the statements are made using ââ¬Å"Iâ⬠or ââ¬Å"we,â⬠focus on the future only, come up with a solution, keep off from making demands and avoid generalizing of ideas. For instance, in an organization where an individual or individuals complain about a colleague not finishing up his or her job and over burden others, is an issue which needs to be addressed. In finding a solution to such issues, a number of factors have to be considered. These factors include: Avoiding a sarcastic tone in making requests or approaches, expect to work out the resolution steps effectively, be respectful to the parties involved and finally try to recognize the needs of every human; to be listened to and understood. Health professionals have a key responsibility of educating patients in regard to their specific health issues. For instance, dental hygienist has a role of educating patients about their oral health; instructions on oral hygiene and significance of maintaining oral hygiene. For one to perform effectively in this, one has to provide the patients with a general overview of the entire procedure placing emphasis on the specific words to be used in the whole process (Smith, 1). The phrases which are used in such practices are extremely vital to both Amandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17221577126688411374noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5394944361144201012.post-3554788817661404732020-02-02T05:34:00.001-08:002020-02-02T05:34:02.733-08:00Response Paper (The American Revoltion in Indian Country EssayResponse Paper (The American Revoltion in Indian Country - Essay Example demonstrates how Native American were able to pursue different strategies as they went through difficult experiences but were able to uphold their legacy Colin Calloway writes that, "The Revolution marked an emphatic divergence between the Cherokees and their colonial neighbors as the warriors of both societies "took control of the path. This illustrate the lateness that was at hand because the Cherokee involvement in the revolutions was not a simple sign but it proved a powerful, durable and the same time usable image. The clamor kept on growing especially in the 19th century on how to remove the Cherokees from their only remaining lands, although there were the strong peace efforts emanating from the village headsmen way back before the war, during the war, combined role that was played by the Chota as well as the new societies which were built from the outcome ruins of the war were not listened to but ignored. All this was in the favor of what was termed as memory of Cherokee antagonism in the revolution. Therefore, the Cherokee had the responsibility again to begin afresh the practice of rebuilding their lives and homes past Miss issippi. When the fighting came to an end due to the revolution it was very difficult for the Cherokees because they were like orphans, they were without a place completely in the universe. Because of the repercussion of the war, their population was affected drastically which led to serious drop of about 10,000 in number only and at the same time lost their homelands which was estimated to be around three-quarters as well as hunting grounds and towns were destroyed. The revolutions grouped lower towns to be Chickamauga while those who remained neutral kept on dividing the Cherokee. Their cultural framework was affected so much which disrupted the harmony which existed amongst the Cherokee wellbeing in relation to their spiritual world. This caused a lot of disorder everywhere. Thousands of Cherokees were forced under prevailing Amandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17221577126688411374noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5394944361144201012.post-48943550611604739492020-01-25T01:58:00.001-08:002020-01-25T01:58:02.874-08:00Life of Euripides :: Biography Biographies Essays Life of Euripides à Euripides, the last of the great tragedians, lived a life filled with controversy and moral issues that influenced, as well as appalled, many people of his time. Throughout the centuries he has gained more acceptance in the literary circles as well as in the eyes of the public. It is difficult to write about his life only because he lived so long ago and there are many different opinions and theories as to what is factual and what is not. What is known about his life, and how he lived it, has remained an interesting topic. What his work influenced and who followed his ideas have contributed to his lasting popularity. His life was filled with triumphs and controversies that contributed to his greatness. It is this greatness that people have followed for over the last two thousand years. à Euripides was born on the island of Salamis around 480 B.C. However, a Parian marble states that his birth was in 485 B.C (Bates 5). He was born into a somewhat rich family and was educated in the arts (as in painting) and trained in athletics. He began to write around the age of eighteen and became interested in philosophy soon after. Many people considered his ideas and thoughts as being too controversial for the time period. Euripides wrote on subjects such as religion, injustice, the gods and women. Being the free thinker that he was, these topics were considered socially abnormal. à Euripides often wrote of socially insignificant people like women and slaves while giving them god-like powers. He often made his women characters evil by making them violent Medea. The more taboo subject of incest was brought into his plays also. Euripides wrote many great plays during his lifetime, yet he was constantly beaten in the State competitions. The official judges of the competitions were against him because he did not cater to the views and opinions of the Athenian crowds. Throughout his life he only won five awards, and the fifth one was not awarded until after his death (www.imagi-nation.com). He was under constant criticism from others about his tragedies. One well-known critic was Aristophanes, who constantly spoke negatively about Euripides ( Bates 7). He wrote Women at the Thesmophoria, which was about the murder of Euripides, and Frogs, in which Euripides was parodied again. à The plays of Euripides had influenced many other authors over the years. Amandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17221577126688411374noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5394944361144201012.post-23355804431948379132020-01-16T22:19:00.001-08:002020-01-16T22:19:05.217-08:00Managing Cultural DiveristySHMS ââ¬â Leysin| Leadership Across Cultures| Managing Workforce Diversity| 131LAC| Mukhtar Mammadov| BAHE 2| 3/22/2013 | Table of Contents Introduction2 Discussion3 Conclusion7 Introduction Culture in its many forms and approaches is a very popular subject researched by many authors. The definition of culture from Geert Hofstede, the most cited social scientist according to Powell (2006) comes as ââ¬Å"the collective programming of the mind that distinguishes the members of one group or category of humans from anotherâ⬠. (1982) He mentions that these differences exist in nations, geographic regions, generations, genders, social classes and many more.As Hofstede simply puts it, ââ¬Å"the unwritten rules of the social gameâ⬠. (2013) It has also been described in a less scientific language as ââ¬Å"something to do with the people and unique quality and style of organizationâ⬠, (Kilmann et al. 1985) and ââ¬Å"the way we do things around hereâ⬠. (Deal & Kenned y, 1982) Other sources provide hundreds of various definitions. Lee and Yu (2004) argue that the number of definitions is so broad because of the versatile approaches and frameworks in which culture is researched. The 3 main social sciences ââ¬â psychology, anthropology and sociology have different views on the issue.However, the researchers tend to agree that culture cannot be defined using one universal definition. Groeschl and Doherty(2000) quote Tayeb (1994), who argues that ââ¬Å"culture is too fundamental to be solved through tighter definitionâ⬠. Greater implication for the managerial tasks, however, comes from the cultural diversity. Cox (1993) defines diversity as ââ¬Å"representation, in one social system, of people with distinctly different group affiliations of cultural significanceâ⬠. Factors differentiating these people include cultural background, race, education, age, physical and cognitive ability among other. Seymen, 2006) These criteria indicate th at difference is significant not only at the level of national or ethnic customization but also at an internal, individual level. In the modern globalized world, people of various backgrounds inevitably meet, work in teams, arrange business deals, receive and provide service to each other and live together in the same environment. In such conditions, individuals and especially companies, poorly prepared to the variety of values, beliefs and attitudes towards same issues will find themselves at a disadvantage.This report will outline the issues of managing cultural diversity, their importance in hospitality industry as well as benefits and disadvantages. Further, the importance of diversity recruitment will be discussed along with contemporary theories and strategies used to gain competitive advantage. As the topic is very broad, The main issues and in recruitment policies will be briefly outlined followed by a focused discussion on selecting and recruiting employees and managers for international assignments (IA). DiscussionTwo interconnected activities have been identified that can grant companies a competitive advantage in terms of cultural difference: 1) having a diverse workforce and 2) managing the workforce diversity. (Aghazadeh, 2004) Aghazadeh discusses the forecasted changes in demographics and argues that having diverse workforce and being prepared to the demographic changes will also be ready to the change in market demands, giving it a competitive advantage. (2004) By doing so companies will have an inner source of information what the customer base expects an on dealing with the community.A diverse workforce also brings with it an obvious benefit of the language skills. According to White (1999, p. 477), having a diverse workforce benefits companies in 5 ways: * Easier attraction and retaining of the human talent. * Ability to understand and penetrate wider and enhanced markets. * Higher creativity and innovation * Better problem solving ability * Better adaptation to change and organizational flexibility Building a diverse workforce alone is not enough to gain the advantages connected to it. In order to benefit from the multicultural environment, it is important to effectively manage the diversity of existing staff.Magdaleno and Kleiner predicted that effective management of workforce diversity ââ¬Å"will become the major determinate of the continued survival and successâ⬠¦ ââ¬Å". (1996) A strong organizational culture can be a priceless intangible asset for any company that plans to grow. A ââ¬Å"strong cultureâ⬠must include artifacts such as rituals and organizational stories to illustrate particular cultural traits. (Lee & Yu, 2004) The research by Denison (1984) has revealed that there is direct correlation between 1)organization of work, 2)decision making and financial performance.Various techniques and strategies, such as recruitment, training, managing ââ¬Å"culture shockâ⬠and using predictors su ch as personality traits for international assignments can be used in aligning diversity management with requirements. (Gabel et al. , 2005; Migliore, 2011; Uwaje, 2009; Harvey, 2012; Tipper, 2004) Workforce diversity and its management, due to complexity, has several disadvantages. First and most obvious is the increase in training expenditures. The trainings such as lectures and seminars ââ¬Å"are given to all levels of staff within the organizationâ⬠are associated with high costs. Aghazadeh, 2004) Secondly, there is a threat of reverse discrimination. (Brunner, 2003) Reverse discrimination takes place when the cultural majority (e. g. Caucasian) claims to have been discriminated by a minority. Such events occur because of the appraisal and affirmation of a minority with little consideration for the majority. Another major drawback is the high probability of conflicts. (White, 1999, p. 478) Aghazadeh states that such incidents usually occur as a result of an individual's fe eling superior. 2004) Indeed, it is a common sight that, for example, an older employee has disagreements and misunderstandings with younger. It can, however be combated using ongoing training and managerial intervention. A study by Bajawa (2006) on the executives' opinions on the advantages and disadvantages of culturally diverse workforce discovered that they are not threatened by possible negative effects. As one of the senior HR managers responsible for diversity policy and implementation mentioned, he does not think there are any disadvantages; ââ¬Å"they are all advantages ââ¬â â⬠¦ etention of employees, reduced training costs, attraction in the first placeâ⬠¦ ââ¬Å". Not only has he mentioned the positive effects but also finds that diversifying and managing workforce correctly reduces the training costs. In the hospitality industry managing cultural diversity is perhaps even more important that most other industries, ââ¬â diverse staff body constantly inter acts with customers of various cultural background and on every level of operation. (Baum et al. , 2007) Particularly in hotel, tourism and travel industries the amount of intercultural communication can be overwhelming.It is, therefore of grave importance to carefully develop and apply practices necessary to upkeep employee motivation and comfort. One of the strategies that can be used to manage cultural diversity is to understand the importance and carefully implement practices in recruiting the diverse workforce. Hiring the best candidate for the job available, regardless of the cultural background also assures a reliable, diverse pool of talent is available for promotion, since many companies prefer to look for managers internally.D'Netto and Sohal (1999) provide a list of the best practices popular in recruiting diverse workforce: development of job description, that complies with anti-discrimination legislation and that covers experiences and qualifications; job advertisements in a number of languages; presence of diverse managers in selection boards; implementing user-friendly techniques allowing interviewees an easy understanding and ability to answer questions to their best ability. They also argue that most managers fail at adjusting interviews to diverse candidate base.According to Tipper (2004), there are 5 elements for a successful diversity recruitment strategy: 1) Knowing the market. It is essential to know the pool of available talented candidates in order to effectively recruit from minority groups. These employees can then be used internally in coordination with sales and marketing departments to develop a more ââ¬Å"sophisticated marketing strategy for attracting and retaining diverse customersâ⬠. By doing so companies hit 2 hares with 1 shot ââ¬â get talented employees and enhance their marketing strategies. 2) Build the business case.Letting the hiring managers understand and appreciate the reasons and benefits for diversity recr uitment can make a great difference. Successful companies put presence of cultural diversity in their ranks as an improvement to their bottom-line and benefit from financial improvements. 3) Channels to Market. Widening the number of channels used to advertise available positions might greatly improve the chances for success in diversity recruitment. Placing information in magazines, journals and websites popular among the known talent market instead of only national, traditional media can be a decisive factor.It is important, however, to notice, that some minorities might be suspicious about the reasons for companies to target them as potential employees. Therefore it has to be clearly communicated why companies target diverse employees. 4) Reward recruiters. It takes money, time and skill to produce desired results. Therefore successful recruiters should be legitimately rewarded for their efforts in this, sometimes undervalued, issue. Tipper suggests that 5-10% of the hiring manag er's pay should be ââ¬Å"based on diversity recruitment and retention resultsâ⬠. ) An ongoing focus. The task is not finished once new diverse employees have been recruited. After the successful ââ¬Å"first stepâ⬠the new personnel needs to be trained on an ongoing basis. At the same time companies must understand the inner drivers and motivators of their staff. To do so, additional measures like informing supervisors of the importance of minority employees, hiring internal audits and diversity policy communication tools should be implemented. For the hospitality industry, given its nature, there is an increased need or developing and implementing the strategies and techniques to recruiting and retaining talented diversity. Taking into consideration the international customer bases making up the majority of hotels' and airlines' clientele, a multicultural workforce may generate better experiences and in the long term, generate substantial financial and reputational benef its. Re-recruiting or simply assigning an employee to a new workplace abroad (further International Assignment or IA) requires additional measures to ensure successful execution.The managers assigned to work abroad need to be able to adjust to the new environment in the shortest period of time to provide maximum effectiveness. As in many cases these individuals experienced themselves as a part of majority, behavior as a minority representative in an another country may change dramatically, resulting in a phenomenon known as ââ¬Å"Culture Shockâ⬠. Ward et al. (2005) argue that under shock, culture is rejected leading to anxiety and aggressiveness. Contemporary psychological research has revealed methods capable of predicting cultural adaptation.A study by Gabel et al. (2005) discovered that emotional intelligence (EI) above other factors, including empathy and social relations can predict the rate of adaptation to IA. Findings indicate that individuals with higher EI scales ten ded to adapt to the new cross-cultural environments better reducing the chance of them willing to terminate assignments. As EI is associated with the neuroticism dimension (also known as emotional stability) of the Big Five personality model used as a basis for many psychometric tests, this trait can be measured before the IA of an individual.It can have its implications when hiring a new manager for an IA or better preparing an existing employee. A latter research by Migliore (2011) has found correlations between the Big Five personality traits and the cultural dimensions presented by Geert Hofstede. It has detected particular connections between specific dimensions of the two theories: Extraversion | Individualism| Agreeableness | Power Distance| Conscientiousness | Masculinity| Neuroticism | Uncertainty Avoidance| Openness | Time Orientation| It might be difficult to measure the cultural preferences of an employee.Psychometric testing, aligned with the above mentioned findings of fers a reliable way to compare the psychological profile of an employee with the cultural context of the location of new assignment on an individual level. Cain (2012) classifies some nations as introverted or extroverted. According to her, Finland and Japan are highly introverted, while the US is an extroverted country. Although she does not provide any correlations between personality and cultural dimensions, there is evidence of extroversion aligning with individualism, while introversion is closer to group orientation.Therefore, for example, a Finnish employee might find himself uncomfortable in the dynamic US, but have easier time adapting in Japan than an American at least as far as individualism dimension goes. Conclusion A multicultural workforce has its advantages and disadvantages. It is essential, especially in the hospitality industry, to engage in culturally diverse recruitment, as it enhances understanding and communication with the customer base, makes organizations m ore flexible and innovative, helps attract and retain talents and simply have a positive image of social responsibility in the media.Although it is associated with some drawbacks, such as increased costs of training, conflicts and misunderstanding among the employees, executives and researchers believe that building diversity in a company lead it to a competitive advantage. It has been shown, however, that simply employing diverse workforce is not enough; strategies for correct recruitment, retaining and training employees are necessary to reap the benefits. It is important to attract and select the right candidates through methods which do not affect their cultural background.In order to do so both internal and external measures need to be taken. Externally, it is important to clarify the reasons why cultural diversity is pursued in an organization, utilize the correct media channels. From inside the companies it is required to clearly state and create understanding of how cultural diversity in the organization benefits it intangibly and financially rather than ââ¬Å"because it is the right thing to doâ⬠. It is also important to keep in mind the management's efforts towards quality staff recruitment and to carry on the diversity policies on an ongoing basis.Another issue is the regular need to send managers and employees to international assignments. During these tasks there is a high probability of culture shock happening to traveling individuals without appropriate preparation. The resent research in psychology has revealed several ways of predicting successful adaptation to the international assignments. High scores in factors such as emotional intelligence were found to be able to forecast quick overcoming of culture shock and reducing the threat of rejecting assignments/withdrawal.Furthermore, it is possible to test the approximate correlations between the culture of destination and the personal habits of an individual using the psychometric tests. Overall, there are many strategies and methods to managing workforce diversity, but only careful and sophisticated organizational culture and established policies can lead to the highest levels of rewards it can bring. As long as the concern about multicultural staff is genuine, is communicated extensively and is perceived to be true, it will grant great competitive advantage.Bibliography Aghazadeh, S. (2004). Managing Workforce Diversity as an Essential Resource for Improving Organizational Performance, International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management. [e-journal] 53(6), pp. 532-531. Available Through: Emerald ;http://www. emeraldinsight. com. ezproxy. derby. ac. uk/journals. htm? issn=1741-0401;volume=53;issue=6;articleid=1509196;show=html; [Accessed 21 March 2013] Bajawa, A. and Woodall, J. (2006).Equal Opportunity and Diversity Management Meet Downsizing: A Case Study in the UK Airline Industry, Employee Relations. [e-journal] 28(1), pp. 46-61. Available Through : Emerald ;http://www. emeraldinsight. com. ezproxy. derby. ac. uk/journals. htm? issn=0142-5455;volume=28;issue=1;articleid=1535132;show=html; [Accessed 21 March 2013] Baum, T. , Dutton, E. , Karimi, S. , Kokkranikal, J,. , Devine, D. and Hearns, N. (2007). Cultural Diversity in Hospitality Work, Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal. Amandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17221577126688411374noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5394944361144201012.post-18870798475653207042020-01-08T18:42:00.001-08:002020-01-08T18:42:03.041-08:00The Battle Of The Civil War Essay - 1424 Words Throughout the years 1861 to 1865 the American Civil War took place and it is known as Americas bloodiest war. The cause of the Civil war was the debate between free states and slave states over the government trying to prohibit slavery. In 1860 Abraham Lincoln became president of the United States and ran on the platform to keep slavery out of the new unclaimed territories of the United States. Once Lincoln became president seven southern states seceded from the Union ultimately creating the Confederate states of America according to Civilwar.org. The reason the Civil war was so gruesome was due to the advent of rifling within military training. Secondly the reason for such a bloody war was the invention of the Mene ball by General Henry Shrapnel. The mene ball was cone shaped with a hollow base. When the Mene ball would hit its target pieces of the metal ball would disperse in every direction not only hitting its target but those around it. At the end of the war there were 620,000 soldier deaths, 50,000 civilian deaths. There were roughly as many deaths in this one war than all other U.S. wars combined. The films Gods and Generals and Gettysburg will be compared and contrasted in order to show the differences between the two films and what exactly changed between each film. The film Gods and Generals takes place right when the Union troops are tasked to repel the rebellion. Robert E Lee was offered command of the Union army but he declined the offer. Thomas StonewallShow MoreRelatedThe Battle Of The Civil War1127 Words à |à 5 Pagesshaken by the Civil War because some states wanted to separate themselves from this unity that had lasted for approximately 100 years. The American Civil War is a historic affair and one of the bloodiest battles in history of the US (Engle, Krick, 2003). It is considered one of the bloodstained happenings in the history of the US because more than 600, 000 people died. A majority of this number were soldiers. This fatal battl e happened between the years 1861 to 1865. The Civil War emerged becauseRead MoreThe Battle Of The Civil War1666 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Civil war was one of the biggest turning points in United States history. The nationââ¬â¢s failure to compromise on the subject of slavery led to an outbreak of war. Battles such as Gettysburg, Vicksburg, and Shiloh led to what we know of today as a free nation. Great technological advancements in weaponry led to mass casualties among both north and south, often making death inevitable. Those who bravely served and those who were forced to serve lived a life of fear, starvation, and commitment toRead MoreThe Battle Of The Civil War1191 Words à |à 5 PagesWhen the Civil War started both sides thought the war would be over by Christmas. But little did they know this small war would turn into the deadliest war in American history. The Civil War was fought between the Confederacy and the Union. The Confederacy was consisted of Southern states that did not agree with the views of the Unio n states. After years of sectional differences in the United States between the north and south, tension between the states grew and a war between the north and southRead MoreThe Battle Of The Civil War1073 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Civil War was a war that was thought to would have lasted no longer than ninety days. After all was said and done, the war lasted more than four years and claimed tens of thousands of lives of both The Union and The Confederate States. There were several battles fought on Northern and Southern soil, battles that forced bloody mortal combat between brothers in the fight for equality amongst all men. It tested the strength of the foundation that the United States was built upon. The Civil War wasRead MoreThe Battle Of The Civil War960 Words à |à 4 PagesHave you ever wondered why the Civil War happened or why it was so substantial to American History? What was the battle that changed it all; that made it the history it is today? Many people have made sp eculations on the causes of the war and what the major turning point was, but cannot really narrow it down. In James McPhersonââ¬â¢s Crossroads of Freedom: Antietam he points out the pivotal moments in American history that led up to and changed the Civil War, so that the reader can get a better insightRead MoreThe Battle Of The Civil War1197 Words à |à 5 PagesMarianna, FL. The battle will be virtually unknown in the history of the Civil War, but its success marked the longest successful incursion of Union troops into Florida (Cox, 2014). This raid had two goals; the first was to rescue the reported Union prisoners and the second was to liberate and enlist any slaves that were found along the route (Calvin, 2014). The prisoners were not located, but more than 600 slaves were liberated along their route (Cox, 2014). The subsequent battle did not last longRead MoreThe Battle Of The Civil War1163 Words à |à 5 Pageshad already decided to secede from the Union. Those 7 states started the Confederate States of America, run by their own President, Jefferson Davis. This same issue was the catalyst for the Civil War which started on April 12, 1861. One of the major and well-known battles of the Civil War was the Battle of Gettysburg. It was on this backdrop that Abraham Lincoln delivered a speech that is ââ¬Å"universally recognized by historians and scholars alike as the most famous and most important speech everRead MoreThe Battle Of The Civil War1233 Words à |à 5 PagesIt is evident that the Civil War helped shape America into the country it is today. The strong factional division -based on slavery- between the Union and the Confederacy guaranteed certain achievements of both sides. Much of what we consider history today remains a part of the outcome from these multiple bloody battles. Activist John Muir of the Civil War-era stated, ââ¬Å"the traces of war are not only apparent on the broken fields, burnt fences, mills, and woods ruthlessly slaughtered, but also onRead MoreThe Battle Of The Civil War1133 Words à |à 5 Pagesfierce battles were fought to secure the rights and freedom of both men and women, irrespective of their religion, gender, and race. Of all of the battles, the American Civil War stands out. Divided into the Union and the Confederacy, the American civil war broke out after the southern states seceded due to slavery that spread in many parts of the country. The Civil War began in the year 1861 and ended four years later. The end result was the Union becoming victorious in 1865. The Civil War was aRead MoreThe Battle Of The Civil War1736 Words à |à 7 PagesAbstract: As the first major battle of the Civil War the First Battle of Bull Run was an end to the illusions of a quick war and instead offered a first glimpse into the long and bloody four-year struggle the Civil War would become. In this paper the battle and its many repercussions across the political, social and military spectrum of the Union and Confederacy will be explored. Background: With the formation of the Confederate States and the outbreak of hostilities at Ft. Sumter only a few months Amandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17221577126688411374noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5394944361144201012.post-51794855625290525172019-12-31T15:08:00.001-08:002019-12-31T15:08:02.408-08:00What Is Currently Happening in Syria Amandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17221577126688411374noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5394944361144201012.post-61237842280465184822019-12-23T10:54:00.001-08:002019-12-23T10:54:04.081-08:00The Standards Of Education Standards - 898 Words Throughout the United States, and the world, standards of education have come under increasing scrutiny. The standards of education include content standards and performance standards. According to Powell, author of Your Introduction to Education, content standards ââ¬Å"define what students should know and be able to do relative to subject areas at specific grade levelsâ⬠(2015, p. 105). Powell defines performance standards as the designated level of ââ¬Å"knowledge or skill that is considered acceptable within a particular grade levelâ⬠(2015, p. 105). Since the Constitution does not directly address education, ever state is responsible for its own set of standards. Therefore, differences exist from state to state in the difficulty of the standards, as well as, the assessments that go along with them. To combat this issue of inequality, there has been a push to adopt a set of common standards throughout the United States (Powell, 2015, p. 105). There are those who q uestion the effectiveness of these standards and if they should be used to evaluate the effectiveness of an educator. Standards are believed to serve a number of purposes within the United Statesââ¬â¢ education system. These standards are meant to guild teachers and learning within the classroom (Powell, 2015, p. 105). In theory, having a set of standards which all teachers must follow seems like a great idea, for every student will be given an equal opportunity to learn the same information. In reality, these tightShow MoreRelatedThe Standards Of American Education Essay1487 Words à |à 6 PagesAs of late, there has been major contention about the standards of American education, one of the major points being the cost to obtain a degree. Current societal standards have condition people to aim for a prestigious degree that will help make it s holder successful. Of course, society defines success, for an individual, as being highly intelligent, outgoing, wealthy, and family- oriented. Yet, many American citizens are still stuck trying to meet the first item in the success definition. Read MoreThe Education Standards Of Schools Essay1270 Words à |à 6 PagesOur Education Standards Although no one disputes the value of education, how the country should improve it is fiercely contested. Every few years, along comes a new idea to save American schools, be it enforcing standards, opening charter schools, providing vouchers for private education, or paying teachers based on their performance. The truth is that no plan can save the american education system, its the people within it that need to change. At the start of elementary school, students have a desireRead MoreDeveloping A Standard For Education2611 Words à |à 11 PagesIn 2009 an initiative was set in place with the purpose of developing a standard for education that could be shared among all 50 states if the individual states chose to adopt it. From this initiative, the Common Core State Standards were developed. The standards lay out a plan for students within the K-12 education system that includes benchmarks that all students should meet by the time they finish a given grade. The standards mainly focu s on mathematics and english language arts with the goal ofRead MoreThe National Physical Education Standards Essay888 Words à |à 4 Pageslifestyle. Both the National Physical Education Standards(AAHPERD) and the Mississippi Physical Education Frameworks assist educators in designing a curriculum that teaches students about the necessity and fundamentals of physical activity. There are obvious differences and similarities between both educational standards as far as their content and structure goes. However, both the purpose and function of both standards are still analogous. Both standards inform educators of what students shouldRead MoreEducation Is The Implementation Of A Standard Curriculum1122 Words à |à 5 PagesIntroduction One of the most significant and prevalent changes seen in education is the implementation of a standard curriculum. Prior to this effort there were many ineffective practices that occurred within the nationââ¬â¢s schools. According to Girod, G.R., Girod, M (n.d.), there was a time that students were measured on such things as a spelling test. If you spelled a certain number of words correctly you were considered a good speller, but did that mean you actually understood the context ofRead MoreImproving The Standard Of Higher Education1689 Words à |à 7 PagesFor Americans seeking to improve their standard of living, higher education is the surest route available. Widespread education and training beyond high school is key to a stronger economy, reduced income inequality, healthy families, and vibrant communities. At the same time, the American postsecondary education system is increasingly dependent on debt financing. A recent Center for American Progress analysis found that with more than $1 trillion in student-loan debt outstanding, as many as 40 percentRead MoreIs American Education Upholding Its Standards?976 Words à |à 4 PagesIs American Education Upholding Its Standards? The idea of education is that it properly educates students. American schools teach a variety of subjects over 12 years of schooling. The skills taught are supposed to prepare students for adult life. These skills range from basic math and english to more complex knowledge for those going to college. Students are supposed to graduate with some common knowledge. Most of the more advance learning comes from high schools. This is where they learn how toRead MoreEducation Standards: Common Core 786 Words à |à 3 PagesCommon Core was a creation of the government to enhance Americaââ¬â¢s education system through the modification of the current education standards. It forces students to think more critically and have a deeper understanding of the material that they are learning. The Common Core should not be instigated because it compels teachers and students to change their learning and teaching methods which could have a major influence on their education. There are countless pros and cons to the Common Core. The followingRead MoreNational Standards And Public Education1453 Words à |à 6 PagesEducation has longed to be a part of this countries foundation and unfortunately for a long time there has been differing opinions about the standards and curriculum of public education. ââ¬Å"And for as long as American have fought the culture wars, they have debated the role of education, the institution most essential to ensuring the reproduction of national identity.â⬠(Hartman, 2013) This essay will evaluate the sides for and against the creation of national standards in public education. The highRead MoreTeacher: Education and Assessment Standards4776 Words à |à 20 Pagesbroad and narrow definitions of the concept curriculum. According to Booyse and Du Plessis (1998:60) a learning programme is the structured and systematic arrangement of activities that encourage the attainment of learning outcomes and assessment standards to ensure that the teaching, l earning and assessment programme is coherent. In other words we can understand a learning programme to be a plan for the overall running of classroom practice. This would include the planning of classroom practice, Amandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17221577126688411374noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5394944361144201012.post-5344883652411658592019-12-15T07:24:00.001-08:002019-12-15T07:24:03.589-08:00The world is not really there Free Essays As though the quantum physicists would ever agree: There is world out here, and global warming portends its end. Thatââ¬â¢s the truth of it all, really, the world was never actually there, Speak the quantum physicists once again. But there is something here, Answer people like Al Gore who seem to notice things in the void. We will write a custom essay sample on The world is not really there or any similar topic only for you Order Now Indeed, they are positive that it is possible to manage the problem. They add: ââ¬ËThe fact remains that the effects of global warming ââ¬ËWould be utterly disastrous if all those who are bumming ââ¬ËWith the climate do not struggle to control anthropogenic greenhouse ââ¬ËGas emissions. After all, human beings are partly, if not wholly responsible ââ¬ËFor climate change. ââ¬â¢ So, someone from an LDC hears Al Gore in his Movie, An Inconvenient Truth. A bomb explodes as the bomber shows his Approval near an LDC beach. Al Gore continues, ââ¬ËFortunately, it lies In their power to gradually reverse the effects of global warming. ââ¬â¢ So, what is global warming? There is no doubt about the fact that our world Has been warming up like a teenager in heat Trying to come up with ways to become fit for survival. Eleven out of the past twelve years, that is, the Bible Fightersââ¬â¢ time with the Qurââ¬â¢an fighters; in other words, 995 to 2006 have been ranked among the twelve ââ¬Å"warmest years ââ¬Å"Since 1850â⬠(ââ¬Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4: Environment for Developmentâ⬠). Humans did not keep systematic records of temperature Before 1850 (ââ¬Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4â⬠). How could they when they are still so helpless? How could you imagine them To keep systematic records of temperature before 1850? In any case, scientists are confident that there is something Terribly wrong with almost everything done by humans, including Their contribution to the fact that there has been a steady increase Of global surface temperature between 1995 and 2006. The evidence of global warming includes the shrinking of or fading away Of beautiful things like mountain glaciers in many parts of the world; Thawing of permafrost; the early breakup of lake as well as river ice; Lengthening of growing seasons (especially mid to high latitude); Shifting of animal, insect and plant ranges; early flowering of trees; Early emergence of insects and egg laying of birds; Changes in ocean currents as well as patterns of precipitation; And the increasing lifetimes and intensities of tropical storms In several regions of the globe (ââ¬Å"Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basicsâ⬠). As though we care! Ha! The United Nations, spreading news around the world, Stories they refer to as research For the minds and the eyes of the rich Alone, saying things like the following, as though anybody cares Except to say Ooh and Aah at these shocking tales: ââ¬ËSeeing that the poorest people of the world are rather dependent ââ¬ËOn a hospitable as well as stable climate ââ¬â theyââ¬â¢re dependent ââ¬ËAs always ââ¬â for their crop growing needs as well as gathering ââ¬ËOf natural resources ââ¬â before they are snatched or stolen through invasion ââ¬â ââ¬ËIt is vital to understand climate change before we try to manage it ââ¬â Pretending that we are able to manage everything, we will manage itââ¬â¢ (ââ¬Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4â⬠)! The United Nations, our supreme council for research and no practical work Apart from research, adds: ââ¬ËPoor people are reliant on the monsoon seasons ââ¬â and us ââ¬â ââ¬ËAs you k now, climate change is about to turn their lives around. ââ¬ËMoreover, it is the poorest people of the world around ââ¬ËWhom all our concerns rest at this time because these people ââ¬ËAre most vulnerable to the destruction caused by natural disasters. ââ¬ËThe Asian tsunami provides evidence of this phenomenon ââ¬â ââ¬ËAs do bombs because they heat up things, including our minds, as no one Disagrees. Increase in drought frequency in Africa is another reason ââ¬ËWhy policymakers around the globe must consider decisions ââ¬ËThat would have a long-term impact on humanity ââ¬â once they find ââ¬ËThe time to consider such decisions, of course; they must then bind ââ¬ËGovernments in contracts to reduce gas emissions knowing their contracts ââ¬ËExist only on papers with paper pins neatly making stacks of their contractsââ¬â¢ (ââ¬Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4â⬠). The United Nations expresses deep concern in its voice as it continues: ââ¬ËOther examples of destruction caused by climate change To the poor communities in particular ââ¬â who else? ââ¬â include ââ¬ËThe effects of Katrina in the United States and that long, crude ââ¬ËHeat wave that was experienced by Europeans in 2003. à ¢â¬ËAs these examples reveal, poor people in rich societies are also vulnerable to the devastating ââ¬ËEffects of global warming ââ¬â the rich people need not worryââ¬â¢ (ââ¬Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4â⬠)! In war-torn Iraq A man is sipping tea in war-torn Iraq. Flimsy pages of his newspaper, Iraq Today, fly here and there as they stay put Nevertheless in his lap; and input From the pages enters his mind as slowly As memories of the bony lass slowly Leave his mind ââ¬â memories that had tormented Him ever since the Iraq War began. ââ¬ËKid, ââ¬ËShe is gone, she left with the soldiers of the United States,ââ¬â¢ The landlord of her flat had informed him. So now the man hates Everything he hears from the country where the bony lass resides. Still, out of necessity, he listens to those pages, presides Over them as though he would do something about the news on those pages; If only pretend he would do something about the news on those pages. As his tea cools under those fans that donââ¬â¢t really help him feel cooler In the head where suppressed anger and worry due to the vast dollar Countryââ¬â¢s actions stay, he chances upon a piece of news that suddenly Interests him although he did not really care whether it was hot or cold. ââ¬ËGlobal warming,ââ¬â¢ says the piece. ââ¬ËA publication of the United Nations ââ¬ËEnvironment Programme, Global Environmental Outlook 4, states ââ¬ËThat the effects of global warming would vary across the globe. ââ¬ËAccording to the report:ââ¬â¢ While the Earthââ¬â¢s climate has varied throughout the prehistoric ages, the last few decades have witnessed a global climate disruption that is unprecedented over the recent millennia, a period of relative climatic stability during which civilization emerged. Some regions, particularly the Arctic, will be more affected by climate change than others closer to the equator. In many regions, the agricultural sector will be particularly affected. The combination of high temperatures and decreased soil moisture projected for parts of Africa will be particularly hard to adapt to. (ââ¬Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4â⬠) ââ¬ËI think this is what the Prophet (Peace be upon him) had told us about,ââ¬â¢ The man in Iraq reflects on the warning of the United Nations. He continues Reading the news report: ââ¬ËGlobal Environmental Outlook 4 ââ¬ËAlso describes the main responsibility that human beings must assume For global warming: that, in fact, humans have placed great pressure on the ââ¬ËClimate system with increasing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. ââ¬ËThe greenhouse gas that is mainly responsible for climate change appears ââ¬ËTo be carbon dioxide, primarily originating from the consumption of ââ¬ËFossil fuels (ââ¬Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4â⬠). The UNEP report ââ¬ËFurther describes the environmental damage caused by humans ââ¬ËWhile they were ignorant of the dangers of global warming: Since the dawn of the industrial age, the concentrations of these gases have been steadily increasing in the atmosphere. The unprecedented recent rise has resulted in a current level of 380 parts per million, much higher than the pre-industrial (18th century) level of 280 ppm. Since 1987, annual global emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel combustion have risen by about one-third, and the present per capita emissions clearly illustrate large differences among regions. (ââ¬Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4â⬠) So now he understands, the man sipping tea: ââ¬ËEverything in this report describes the fee ââ¬ËFor occupying this world. Moreover, it is as the Prophet ââ¬Ë(Peace be upon him) had described. It is the call of the Prophet For us to mend our ways once and for all. God is going to take account. ââ¬ËBut who is listening? Does anybody care? ââ¬â¢ The man folds the account On global warming on one of the flying sheets of newspaper, Iraq Today. He decides to return home when he gets an idea, straight out of Iraq Today. He thinks: ââ¬ËOverly excited about their achievements during ââ¬ËAnd after the golden Industrial Age, human beings did not realize ââ¬ËThat materialism and greed could even be responsible for ending ââ¬ËTheir existence on Earth in the near future. Indeed, if climate change ââ¬ËIs not managed through effective global policies at present, huge natural Disasters may very well finish off all life on our planet. ââ¬ËAs it is, global warming is accompanied by spells of really high temperatures ââ¬ËThat are known to destroy life through heat stress in addition to air pollution. ââ¬ËIn June 2003, Europe experienced such a spell. It raised temperatures ââ¬ËTwenty to thirty percent higher than the average temperatures during summer. ââ¬ËWhat is more, the spell covered a huge portion of the European continent, ââ¬ËFrom Germany to Italy, and from the north of Spain to Czech Republic. ââ¬ËWith social as well as economic impacts, besides its environmental impacts, The heat wave presented heavy losses to the European continent. ââ¬ËIn point of fact, thirty thousand European people lost their lives during June 2003. ââ¬ËForestry and agricultural production were impaired; forests were burned; ââ¬ËCrop cycles we re disrupted; nuclear reactors cooled by water from rivers ââ¬ËHad to be closed; demand for electricity could not be met; ââ¬ËAnd the stability of rocks was affectedââ¬â¢ (ââ¬Å"Impacts of Summer 2003 Heat Wave in Europeâ⬠). ââ¬ËOnce they know what we go through each hour, each day ââ¬ËThey would surely become one of us, one of clay ââ¬ËPeople. ââ¬â¢ As he ends reflecting on climate change, he Remembers another similarity between man and man: ââ¬ËHadnââ¬â¢t God said, We made man out of clay? ââ¬â¢ He tries to figure out in his mind whether fire can damage clay, But then another worry enters his mind: ââ¬ËDo the industrialists ââ¬ËAlso know, We made man out of clay? ââ¬â¢ In Europe The man in Iraq was happy to know that Europe had experienced Significant development during the Industrial Age, Although it did not have any power over the heat wave of 2003. A construction worker in Germany, on the other hand, Understood it this way: he thought: ââ¬ËIt is evident that the European Union ââ¬ËWould now play an important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The heat wave of 2003 served as a warning for the entire continent ââ¬ËTo begin taking serious action against greenhouse gas emissions, ââ¬ËWhile enjoying the fruits of the Industrial Age even in the twenty first centuryââ¬â¢ (ââ¬Å"Impacts of Summer 2003 Heat Waveâ⬠). Even though he was optimistic, the construction worker Believed that he knew that politicians only tell lies to the People, the voice of the people is never heard, and democracy Is a sham. As he thought about politicians suffering from all sorts Of amnesias, another fact was brought to mind simultaneously; The construction worker felt delighted in the misery of others When he remembered he had read somewhere that As bad as the European heat wave of 2003 was, There is no way for it to compete with the rising average Temperatures in the Arctic. In fact, temperatures in the Arctic Are ââ¬Å"rising almost twice as rapidly as in the rest of the worldâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4â⬠). â⬠Sea ice and glaciers in the Arctic are presently melting, While the permafrost temperatures are rising. In Siberia and Alaska, permafrost is also melting. This is expected to release methane into the Earthââ¬â¢s atmosphere From the frozen hydrates. Scientists are aware that fifty Million years back, a large amount of methane was released Into the Earthââ¬â¢s atmosphere. Temperatures around that time Must have risen approximately five to seven Celsius. Additionally, scientists have determined that it took approximately One hundred and forty thousand years for the atmosphere To return to its normal state after the initial release of methane (ââ¬Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4â⬠). ââ¬ËPerhaps, thereforeââ¬â¢ ââ¬â reflected the construction worker ââ¬â ââ¬ËThe effects of global warming would remain with us ââ¬ËFor a very long period of time. Our future generations ââ¬ËWould have to suffer because of the excessive greenhouse Gas emissions that our generation has been held responsible for. ââ¬ËOther effects of global warming include increased changes ââ¬ËIn precipitation around the world. While wet regions are experiencing ââ¬ËMore rain, the dry areas of our world are turning more arid than before. ââ¬ËIn addition, regi ons like Africa with ââ¬Å"the lowest contribution to anthropogenic greenhouse gas ââ¬ËEmissionsâ⬠are projected to suffer most due to these changesââ¬â¢ (ââ¬Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4â⬠). ââ¬ËAs a matter of fact, water scarcity is projected to become a dangerous ââ¬ËProblem for the African people in the days to come (ââ¬Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4â⬠). Global warming is also increasing ââ¬Å"intense tropical cyclone activity,â⬠ââ¬ËEspecially in the North Atlantic (ââ¬Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4â⬠). ââ¬ËThis has been going on since 1970, and is definitely associated ââ¬ËWith increases in the surface temperatures of tropical seas. ââ¬ËFurthermore, there is evidence of increased tropical cyclone activity ââ¬ËIn certain regions of the world where it is difficult to gather high quality data. ââ¬ËIn any case, over the past thirty five years the number of Class 4 and 5 ââ¬ËHigh intense storms has almost doubled. These storms are now occurring ââ¬ËIn virtually all ocean basins. Of a certainty, our world would warm up Even more because of this activity in the deepââ¬â¢ (ââ¬Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4â⬠). As the construction reflected on the meaning of global warming For everybody in the world, the only person he thought was Insulated from its disastrous effects was himself. His family, too, Would be saved, he thought, smirking in his mindââ¬â¢s eye when those miserable two ââ¬â Arctic and Africa ââ¬â were remembered. He had to earn his dail y Bread, after all. It did not really concern him that the people Of Africa suffered. He believed that the politicians with free Cups of coffee and bowls of rice available to them should do All the thinking for the poor people of the world. He was lucky To be German, thatââ¬â¢s all. What concerned him about global warming was this: Indeed, there exist a number of paths for us to take to help Ourselves and our fellow beings survive on the planet. As an example, with the awareness that our buildings consume Almost thirty to forty percent of energy in our world ââ¬â Another UNEP report, Buildings and Climate Change: Status, Challenges and Opportunities, advises governments Around the world to put policies into place for the construction Of environmentally friendly or green buildings that would not Exacerbate the effects of global warming. There are a variety Of choices available to modern man to use energy more efficiently than before (ââ¬Å"Buildings and Climate Changeâ⬠). ââ¬ËWould Herr Braun consider the alternatives? ââ¬â¢ ââ¬â he asked Himself. After all, he was only a servant. Had he asked Herr Braun, would the latter have answered his loyal Construction worker? Maybe, maybe not. The royal Herr Braun was unreachable most of the time. But the construction workerââ¬â¢s fifty-seven year old wife Should be able to guess and inform him. She was good At divining things. She would know about global warming. How to cite The world is not really there, Papers Amandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17221577126688411374noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5394944361144201012.post-17428286329323707112019-12-07T04:08:00.001-08:002019-12-07T04:08:02.843-08:00Evidence Based Human Resource Management â⬠Myassignmenthelp.Com Question: Discuss About The Evidence Based Human Resource Management? Answer: Introducation Evidence based human resource management is the act of making decision of human resource with the help of evidence that will support the decision making aspect of a company (Marler Fisher, 2013). Evidence based human resource management is based on data and relevant facts which will help justifying the decisions taken by the human resource management team. Evidence based decision-making is one of the most effective decision making processes and it enhances the capabilities of the human resource team in making the decisions and helps in aligning the goals and strategies of the organization. The human resource policies should be based on what has worked previously rather taking decisions, which may work (Verbrigghe Buyens, 2015). Evidence helps to increase the credibility of the decision by providing data, which can prove the effectiveness of the decision-making statement. Moreover, with the usage of statistics and other forms of data analysis the human resource team is able to make the decisions more consistent than before. The critical analysis of the problems will help to mitigate the problems to a better extent. However, the process is time consuming and takes a skilled people to analyze the evidence. Workforce innovation Parker, S. K. (2014). Beyond motivation: Job and work design for development, health, ambidexterity, and more.Annual review of psychology,65, 661-691. Parker, S. K., Morgeson, F. P., Johns, G. (2017). One hundred years of work design research: Looking back and looking forward.Journal of applied psychology,102(3), 403. This two are the articles, which will help Tobin to pitch the usage of innovation in the work design. Innovation in work design helps in transforming the experience of the human environment at work. The innovative design would include analysis of the practices at work, research and design, modelling of the service system technologies, processes in business and development of concept (DiSalvo, 2017). This processes helps in improvement of the workforce design and help the employees to be more productive. Motivation of the workforce is very important for the production of the company and employees are the assets of the organization. Moreover, it it seen that when the workforce is happy then the level of production increase. Mark French wants to bring in innovation within the organization and Tobin has presented an opportunity to initiate a plan of action (Parker, 2014). The first article shows how change in the design of the workforce helps an organization to bring in motivation among the employees. The article shows how the work force design has changed over the years and what are the implications of using innovation in workforce design. Mark French is concerned about the stagnant nature of their organization and Tobin can use these articles to make him believe that usage of innovation in human resource management is a stepping-stone for the organization (Parker, Morgeson Johns, 2017). Globalization has made the workforce very competitive and the companies will have to keep innovating if they want to keep their competitive advantage. CRAP test The two articles that has been mentioned in the above context are current topics and was released in the last couple of years. This is a secondary source of information, which provides with the information about the usage of innovation in the workforce culture of the organization (LeBlanc Quintiliano, 2015). The article provides detail information regarding the usage of innovation and how it can help to enhance the motivation in the culture of the workforce in the organization. Human resource management is one of the most important aspects of the organization and effective changes in the workforce will definitely benefit an organization. Both the articles mentioned in the above context are relevant as they provide us with the in depth knowledge about the changes that took place in the work force design. The article shows how the design in the workforce has changed significantly in the past decade. The research of the workforce design will show how human resource management has progr essed and what measures can be used to make it more innovative. Parker has been instrumental in this research topics and has done research on similar (Burgoyne Chuppa-Cornell, 2015). There are other persons who have helped him in this research projects and these articles provide us with the in depth analysis of using innovation in the workforce of the organization. The articles are trying to educate the modern society about the importance of the human resource mange net practices and how they can be used to change the organization. The change that is most important is the internal change within the organization and the companies will be able to achieve success if they follow the procedures mentioned in this articles. The articles contain a lot of information, which can definitely can bring about a drastic change in the innovation process of the organization (Hoffman et al., 2017). The various method which are used for changing the workforce of the organization are mentioned in the articles and if these methods can be properly executed an organization can change the dynamics of the company. These articles are reviewed by reliable sources and there are lot of researchers who agree to this philosophy. The articles are written for understanding of the companies who mostly ignore the importance of the workforce culture. The dynamics of the workforce is unknown to a lot of people and they are not aware of the importance of the usage of the human resource management in an organization (Allan, 2017). However, innovation within an organization starts form the workforce and it can make significant contribution in changing the overall dynamics of the organization. Various has been conducted on this topic and with the advent of the modern era the companies are able to realize the importance of the innovation in the workforce. Thus, more and more companies are making usage of the innovation in the workforce culture to change the dynamics of the workforce culture within th e organization. Both this articles deals with the psychology and shows how it can used to understand the perspective of the employees and how their overall work experience can be made better by introducing in the management structure (Sandercock, 2017). Conclusion The information that will be sued in the practices of the organization is evidence based as it will provide in depth knowledge about the methods and success criterias. Evidence based human resource management is very useful as it provides better result that the other traditional methods. Therefore, the organization will have to make usage of the information that has been gathered from the evidence to make a better business plan of action. The information can be used as a credibility tool, which will help in mitigating of the risk factors that will be involved in the execution of the innovative pattern within the organization. There is guarantee that the evidence based will work for sure but there is no guarantee that the tradition methods will work or not. Thus, it will be beneficial that evidence based method is used as the source of information for the practices used by the organization. However, the usage of the evidence based management schemes are time consuming and will take mo re time than the traditional methods to analyze the situation. Reference Allan, M. (2017). Information literacy and Confirmation Bias: You can lead a person to information, but can you make him think?. Burgoyne, M. B., Chuppa-Cornell, K. (2015). Beyond embedded: Creating an online-learning community integrating information literacy and composition courses.The Journal of Academic Librarianship,41(4), 416-421. DiSalvo, C. (2017). Design, When Everybody Designs: An Introduction to Design for Social Innovation.Design Issues,33(1), 94-95. Hoffman, N., Hoffman, N., Beatty, S., Beatty, S., Feng, P., Feng, P., ... Lee, J. (2017). Teaching research skills through embedded librarianship.Reference Services Review,45(2), 211-226. LeBlanc, R. E., Quintiliano, B. (2015). Recycling CRAP: Reframing a Popular Research Mnemonic for Library Instruction.Pennsylvania Libraries,3(2), 115. Marler, J. H., Fisher, S. L. (2013). An evidence-based review of e-HRM and strategic human resource management.Human Resource Management Review,23(1), 18-36. Parker, S. K. (2014). Beyond motivation: Job and work design for development, health, ambidexterity, and more.Annual review of psychology,65, 661-691. Parker, S. K., Morgeson, F. P., Johns, G. (2017). One hundred years of work design research: Looking back and looking forward.Journal of applied psychology,102(3), 403. Sandercock, Patricia. "Instructor perceptions of student information literacy: comparing international IL models to reality."Journal of Information Literacy10, no. 1 (2016): 3-29. Verbrigghe, J., Buyens, D. (2015). Adding value and HRM practice: evidence-based HR. InHuman resource management practices: assessing added value(pp. 15-30). Springer. Amandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17221577126688411374noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5394944361144201012.post-79996215735422478742019-11-29T15:49:00.001-08:002019-11-29T15:49:03.959-08:00Howard Zinn Essay ExampleHoward Zinn Essay When he returned home, he turned in all of his medals he earned and wrote Never Again. Howard Zion really had three major accomplishments in his life. His civil rights move meet, his anti war movement, and a publication of A Peoples History of the United States. Body Zion was very passionate about being part of history and did so by helping In the call rights movement. A. He became an Adult Adviser to the Student Nonviolence t Coordinating Committee and marched for call rights with his students. B. He Ana many meetings Witt call RL sharecroppers and children who were involved in the movement. Ants leaders Ana C. He took many notes on what happened today and recorded the history being made. Howard Zion opposed to militarism. A. He dedicated half a century opposing at home. He practiced what he preached and Joined many picket lines of striking workers. B. He endorsed and worked with the anti war movement to build the strongest opposition to the Iraq invasion and other colonialists wars. C. One of the most remembered dates he marched he w rote I will be marching March, 17 with my wife, with friends, to express our solidarity with those people all over the country who demand that the United States bring our troop s back from Iraq. We need to make clear that the democrats in congress that we expect bold action from them to stop the war, to save lives of Americans and Iraqis, and use the enormous sums wasted on war to serve the needs of people. Howard Zion wrote a history textbook A Peoples History of the United States. A. We will write a custom essay sample on Howard Zinn specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Howard Zinn specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Howard Zinn specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This book provided other perspectives of American H story and was a finalists for the National Book Award in 1981. B. Let depicts the struggles of Native Americans gains European and U. S. Conquests and expansion, slaves against slavery, unionists and to her workers against capitalists, women against patriarchal, and African American civil RI sights. C. The Zion Education Project was started because of the is book. It was launched to support educators using A Peoples History of the United Sat sees. Conclusion Civil rights were eventually established. People are still trying to get the troops brought HTH home to this day. Zions works and publications are read all the time. Howard Zion heel peed in being a big part of many great movements and works. He was a great man many Poe plea appreciated and adored. Zion influences millions who have read his work and have been inspired by his action s. He left us with these encouraging words: We dont have to wait for some grand utopian future. The future is an endless succession of presents, and to live now as we think humans would live, in defiance of all that is bad around us, is itself a marvelous victory. Amandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17221577126688411374noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5394944361144201012.post-82787916244156759302019-11-25T18:08:00.001-08:002019-11-25T18:08:03.697-08:00Technological Influence on War essaysTechnological Influence on War essays "Armies that could reach further, hit harder, and get there faster usually won, while the range-restricted, less well-armed, and slower armies lost. For this reason, a vast amount of human creative effort has been poured into extending the range, increasing the fire power, and accelerating the speed of weapons and of armies." As nations and empires strive to further their power in the world, they are often confronted by opposition. When competing powers desire the same territory or when one attempts to gain control of an occupied land, conflict is rarely avoided. In instances where predicaments cannot be solved without force, the side with the greater military power is typically victorious. Hence, when a nation or any other entity acts in ways to expand their control, militaristic power is pushed to its limits. The military of a nation is constantly changing. As new technology is developed, it in turn is incorporated into the military. From the advances from sticks and stones to automatic weapons and even to nuclear bombs, warfare is perpetually adapting to changes in technology. In the Early Modern period of Europe, warfare changed drastically. Technological advances in artillery and armory spurred the need for new forms of fortification. With the introduction of a more mobile cannon and other weaponry defenses of cites and armies were forced to change, forever changing the tactics used in warfare. The development of gunpowder occurred in china around 950 A.D..2 However, there is no evidence that the combination of purified sulfur, powdered charcoal, and crystalline saltpetre was used by the Chinese in war. Shortly after gunpowders creation, this innovation soon made its way to the nations in Europe. Efforts were made to utilize gunpowder in European warfare as soon as its explosive power was recognized. But not until 1326 was it understood that when a projectile object and gunpowder were confined inside a tub... Amandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17221577126688411374noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5394944361144201012.post-15738637751365951122019-11-22T01:32:00.001-08:002019-11-22T01:32:03.419-08:00Organizational Behavior Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1Organizational Behavior - Case Study Example Indeed, all the medical staff report to the Chief Medical Officer and clinic administrator. Notably, all the medical staff and the management must have adequate training and knowledge on their responsibilities (Borkowski, 2011). As such, they performed according to their abilities and valued team work in achieving the goals of the clinic. However, late last year, the Chief Medical Officer and clinic administrator decided to implement changes in the clinicââ¬â¢s policies and practices without consulting the medical staff which led to adverse effects in the organization (Borkowski, 2011). At the time, there were numerous delays and long wait list in the clinic subject to increasing number of patients, frequent problems with the machines in the theater, lack of administrative support, few numbers of medical staff, inefficient policies, poor IT support, and lack of space in the clinic as earlier noted by the medical staff. The Chief Medical Officer and clinic administrator opted to in crease the working hours of the medical staff, introduce a universal method to assess the performance of the health providers, and changed policies as they sought to address the problems at the clinic. Notably, the new working schedule did not solve the problems as the medical staff would work for long hours for no extra returns thus demotivating them. Moreover, the new policies contradicted with the professional ethics of the medical staff and thus they declined to adopt the new policies. In fact the management set the working in the clinic to be from 7:00-5:30 every day including weekends where every medical staff would work for atleast70 hours in a week. More so, the management used an informal method to communicate the changes to the medical staff. As a result, lack of administrative support, communication, and motivation led to resignation of 2 nurses and 2 physicians thus crippling the operations of the facility. However, the clinic is slowly restoring its operations and effic iency after the clinic was put under new management. X And Y-Theories Styles of Management Douglas McGregor devised Theory X and Theory Y of management which assumes human nature and human behavior in management (Kopelman et al, 2008). Theory X assumes that work is undesirable, works avoid responsibility, money is the ultimate motivation to work, and creativity is exclusive toà management (Mohamed & Mohamad, 2013). The theory asserts that workers require forcible manipulation, resists change, control, and direction for them to achieve company objectives and workers avoid work at all costs. In this style of management, there is minimal delegation, centralized control and supervision (Mohamed & Mohamad, 2013). Indeed, the X-Theory assumes that the managementââ¬â¢s role is to coerce and control employees. This theory applies in large organizations where X-Theory management is unavoidable (Mohamed & Mohamad, 2013). On the other hand, we have the Y-Theory which assumes a positive vi ew of human behavior where individuals are normally responsible, industrious, creative, and adopt self-control in their work (Mohamed & Mohamad, 2013). Indeed, this theory would have helped with provider retention in this case study. This is because theory Y encourages participative management where the management consults with the employees in making decisions and affords employees with a chance to control their working environment (Mohamed & Mo Amandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17221577126688411374noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5394944361144201012.post-47850390605904550902019-11-20T19:06:00.001-08:002019-11-20T19:06:03.370-08:00Does the Way in which Accounting Represents the World Facilitate the EssayDoes the Way in which Accounting Represents the World Facilitate the Control of Organizations - Essay Example As the discussion declares an organisation, first aims to control its internal activities through different mechanisms. One of the mechanisms which is considered very important when it comes to discuss the control of organisations is the use of accounting methodologies and practices. Various accounting control systems are considered very important to ensure the internal control of organisation and also to enhance the capability of organisations to fulfil its accountability towards the environment. In addition to the accounting control systems, organisations have also developed various other tools such as good human resource management practices, policies and rules and other mechanisms to ensure the control of organisation, however, it is generally believed that accounting is central to all kinds of mechanisms of control of organisations and it is the most effective mechanism to ensure the control of organisations. This paper explores that accounting plays a very significant role because it portrays the image of the company through various accounting methodologies and practices. How different accounting practices facilitate the control of organisation is directly linked with the areas of accounting that enhance the accountability of various aspects of businesses. Financial Accounting is the area of accounting in which the financial events and transactions of the company are identified, measured, recorded, classified, summarised, analysed, interpreted and communicated. Through this branch of accounting, the organisation seeks to keep the systematic records and communicates the financial performance of the company to the interest parties. Cost Accounting is the area of accounting which deals with the control of the cost of the product, process or operation. In this branch of accounting the costs are measured the information is used for decision making. Management accounting is the area of account ing which uses the accounting methodologies to provide the information that is important Amandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17221577126688411374noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5394944361144201012.post-66311244431968664882019-11-18T20:32:00.001-08:002019-11-18T20:32:03.399-08:00Effects of health education intervention on patients knowledge, EssayEffects of health education intervention on patients knowledge, attitude and health behaviour in asthma - Essay Example However, findings are unlikely to be generalizable to patients with asthma in whom a complex interplay of factors complicate management and who are therefore often excluded from or fail to attend standard research. Asthma is the most common medical chronic disease in western society. Despite advances morbidity rates are increasing. According to a study from Harty et al (2003), in 1996 a threefold increase in prevalence over a decade was demonstrated in Irish schoolchildren aged four to nineteen years of age that reflect the early childhood years when asthma tends to be more prevalent and hospital add mission rate tend to be higher. Otherwise, deaths due to asthma are uncommon and most of the deaths occurred in people over 65 years. In the 5 to 34 year age group, there was a rise in the death rate in the early to mid 1980s, peaking in 1986, and then decreasing (Glasgow et al, 2003). However, Asthma is a chronic inflammation of the bronchial tubes (airways) that causes swelling and narrowing (constriction) of the airways (Bell et al, 2000). The result is difficulty breathing. The bronchial narrowing is usually either totally or at least partially reversible with treatments. Bronchial tubes that are chronically inflamed may become overly sensitive to allergens (specific triggers) or irritants (non-specific triggers). The airways may become twitchy and remain in a state of heightened sensitivity. It is likely that there is a spectrum of bronchial hyperreactivity in all individuals. However, it is clear that asthmatic patients and allergic individuals (without apparent asthma) have a greater degree of bronchial hyper reactivity than non-asthmatic and non-allergic people. In sensitive individuals, the bronchial tubes are more likely to swell and constrict when exposed to triggers such as allergens, tobacco smoke, or exercise (Butz et al, 2006). Moreover, the frequency and severity of asthma is a serious health issue over the entire world, crossing all national, cultural, social, and economic boundaries (Johnson, 2003). Health education interventions should be a major component of treatment, as they have the ability to make significant impacts both in terms of public and practitioner policy as well as personal suffering (Cote et al, 2006). The symptomatic and lifestyle effect of asthma upon the patients can be debilitating. Accordingly, when assessing, planning and evaluating the care of the asthma patient, nurses and healthcare providers must be especially aware of the conditions, quality of life issues, and therapies associated with the disease. Further, because asthma involves significant patient self-help behaviour associated with most chronic diseases, education is vital. Accordingly, the issue of both practitioner and patient awareness is particularly significant: A health education initiative will have a positive impa ct upon these individuals. The fact that the onset of physiological responses can happen very quickly and, in severe cases, cause asphyxiation, means patient assessment should be based upon symptomatic presentation and observable behaviours. The frequency and Amandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17221577126688411374noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5394944361144201012.post-65215957944763422572019-11-16T09:04:00.001-08:002019-11-16T09:04:07.970-08:00Outline of the key models of working memoryOutline of the key models of working memory Memory has long fascinated cognitive psychologists and cognitive theories as to the nature of memory go as far back as the late 19th century and William James (James, 1890). He was the first to propose a multi-store model of memory. In it he distinguished between primary and secondary memory. He stated that primary memory consisted of information that remained in the consciousness immediately after it had been perceived and secondary memory which constituted memories that had left the consciousness but were still readily obtainable. His theories became the benchmark for cognitive research in the area of memory and were expanded upon with the terms short-term memory and long-term memory soon becoming coined instead of his primary and secondary memory model. This was then developed into a three stage model by Atkinson and Shiffren in 1968 (Passer Smith, 2009). This multi-store model was a quite a large advancement; however it was very basic in design as regards the workings of short t erm memory (Eysenck Keane, 2010). It wasnt until the 70s and Baddeley and Hitchs model of working memory, that a more developed theory on short term memory was properly explored (Baddeley and Hitch, 1974). They believed that the three stage model of memory was too passive in its explanation on short term memory. This was the most complex theory in this area that had been put forward at the time, however Baddeleys Working Memory theory is not universally agreed upon and other contrasting views exist. For example Shah and Miyake disagree with some of Baddeleys assumptions in a paper published in 1996 (Eysenck and Keane, 2010). In this essay different theories on working memory will be explored, also to be taken into account is how they compare and contrast. It will also be evaluated whether working memory can be understood in terms of attentional control by taking into account various studies. The Working Memory model has been greatly expanded on over the years since it was first published yet its core arguments remain the same. Working memory is a limited capacity system that temporarily stores and processes information (Passer Smith, 2009). According to Baddeley, working memory is split into four components, a phonological loop, a visuo-spatial sketchpad, a central executive and an episodic buffer. The phonological loop is where sounds are briefly stored in working memory. It is active when listening to spoken words or sounding out words while reading. Baddeley and Hitch proposed that the phonological loop is made up of two mechanisms, a phonological store and an articulatory rehearsal system. The articulatory rehearsal system silently repeats the information in order to access the phonological store which is connected with the perception of speech. As shown in Eysenck Keane (2010) there is fairly good evidence to support its presence through research with brain damaged patients. However the point should be raised that the phonological loop seems to have little purpose as people with deficient phonological loops seem to manage very well. The visuo-spatial sketchpad oversees the brief storage of visual and spatial information (Passer Smith, 2010). Similar to the phonological loop Baddeley proposed that it also can be separated into two mechanisms, the visual cache which stores information concerning the image from and colour and the inner scribe which processes spatial and movement information. It also transfers the information from the visual cache to the central executive. It should also be noted that the Baddeleys working memory theory allows for the phonological loop and the visuo-spatial sketchpad to be used simultaneously, this can be seen when a word is linked with an image in memory. Evidence by a variety of researchers supports the idea of separate spatial and visual components including research by Quinn and Mc Connell in 1996 and Beschin et al in 1997 however very little is yet proven about the processes which integrate both of these (Eysenck Keane, 2010). The central executive is the most important, yet least understood, of Baddeleys four components in his working memory model. It directs the overall action of the other components and is theorized to be contained in the frontal lobes of the brain. It is also theorized to be responsible for the switching of attention between tasks, the planning of sub-tasks to achieve a goal, the updating and checking of the contents of the working memory system and coding representations in working memory for time and place of appearance (Eysenck Keane, 2010). Baddeley used the impairments displayed by individuals who suffered from damage to the frontal lobes on their brain as evidence to support the presence of the central executive. He hypothesised that it was because of a malfunctioning central executive that these individuals acted as though they lacked a system to control their processing resources appropriately. Baddeley called this dysexecutive syndrome (Eysenck Keane, 2010). The final component of Baddeleys model is the episodic buffer; this was only added to the working memory theory in 2000. It was believed that the model was lacking a general storage system that is not limited to just one form of information but can manage several types. This is the role that the episodic buffer fills. It takes information from both the long term and working memory and integrates and manipulates it so that it can be consciously used. Baddeley also believed that the episodic buffer comes into play when chunking information. He proposed that the episodic buffer expands on the phonological loops limited acoustic range and allows the brain to remember larger chunks of information in the short term by putting them into meaningful phrases and linking them together with what is already known in the long term memory (Passer Smith, 2009) Baddeley and Hitches working memory model is extremely comprehensive and is a very valid alternative to Atkinson and Shiffrens short term store model as it has more evidence to support its theories then the other way around (Eysenck Keane, 2010). However not all researchers agree with all aspects of this working memory model. Shah and Miyake (1996) disagreed with Baddeleys notion that there is only one central executive. They put forward the theory that there are in fact separate central executives that deal with verbal and spatial working memory systems respectively. They obtained evidence that supported their view through a study in which students were presented with tests of verbal and spatial working memory, in their results the correlations between reading span and spatial span seemed to agree with their hypothesis on separateness. This showcases that Baddeley and Hitches model is not omnipotent. Another working memory model is Cowans Integrated Framework theory (Cowan, 1995). Here Cowan doesnt regard working memory as a separate system, but as a part of long-term memory and he believes that working memory is organized into two levels. The first level is made up of the activation of long-term memory stores; he believes that there can be many of these and that there is no limit to activation of these stores in long-term memory. The second level is called the focus of attention. The focus is regarded as capacity limited and holds up to four of the activated stores. Cowans model is not as expansive as Baddeleys and it goes against the grain as it promotes a single-store model which could be viewed as dated by many researchers today. However it does attempt to understand working memory in terms of attentional control, a view shared by many. A study on adults with ADHD sought to prove whether working memory ability could explain group differences in brain activity between those with ADHD and a control group during attentionally demanding situations (Burgess et al, 2010). Their results seemed to suggest that a link does indeed exist between working memory and attentional control. Also, Baddeley himself said that the central executive and the supervisory attentional system (SAS) described by Shallice (1982) were one and the same. According to Shallice, the supervisory attentional system is a limited capacity system that is used for a variety of purposes, including the monitoring of tasks involving planning or decision making. In conclusion this essay examined the working memory model and some of its offshoot models. Baddeley and Hitchs original model has been developed and most researchers use it as the base model for their studies in this area. It has been expanded upon many times over the years and seems to be able to incorporate more modern ideas into its basic structure. As a result the argument can be put forward that it is currently the best model of working memory. As regards working memory and attentional control, they appear to be linked and studies seem to have shown that link as shown by Amandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17221577126688411374noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5394944361144201012.post-18884157260802534622019-11-13T21:34:00.001-08:002019-11-13T21:34:04.006-08:00Anorexia Not just a Womens Disease Essay -- Nervosa eating disorder maAnorexia Not just a womens disease Anorexia: Not Just A Womenââ¬â¢s Disease ââ¬Å"Oh Iââ¬â¢m so fatâ⬠. This is not something we normally think of hearing out of a manââ¬â¢s mouth. Women are thought to be the only ones that obsess over their appearance. Therefore, anorexia is commonly thought to be a womanââ¬â¢s disease. But in reality, there are many men fighting it. Out of the estimated eight million people in the United States with anorexia, about ten percent of the cases are men (Something Fishy, par.1). These are only reported cases. It is assumed that there is more, but the men havenââ¬â¢t come forward, since it is very hard for a man to admit to having this disease. Nevertheless, there are a growing number of men in America with this disease, and it needs to be dealt with. This paper will address the causes, affects, reason why they hide it, and treatment of anorexia in men. It is not known for sure what exactly causes anorexia in men. But there are a few theories on it. One theory on the cause of anorexia in men is our culture today. Most people think our culture only influences women with the constant pressure to be skinny, with the magazines, and the skinny models, and everything. But actually, society influences men to be thin quite a bit too. Whatââ¬â¢s acceptable for a manââ¬â¢s body shape is very limited here in America. More and more magazines for men are about fitness, weight lifting, and body building(Highlights, par. 6). The media and entertainment industry really focuses on a nicely built, ââ¬Å"in shape manââ¬Å". So some men do feel pressure to be physically fit. Of the men that are overweight, some may choose anorexia as a way to diet. Anorexia in men is rare of course, but it does happen. A... ...October 14th, 2000. November 26th, 2000. 4) Brumberg, Joan J. Fasting Girls. London: Harvard University Press, 1998. 5) Highlights. Billie, Lindsey J. 1995. The Columbia University Heath Service. November 26th, 2000. 6) Rumney, Avis. Dying to Please. London: McFarland, 1983. 7) Sandbek, Terence J. The Deadly Diet. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications, 1993. 8) Self Help Magazine. Lee Hoffman. May 28th 1998. November 9th, 2000. Http://shpm.com/articles/reating/nih/anorexia.html 9) Something Fishy: Website on Eating Disorders. September 26th, 2000. November 26th, 2000. 10) The Eating Disorders Site. Margo, J.L. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1987. November 26th, 2000. 11) Web MD Health. March, 1999. November 9th, 2000. Http://ebmd.com/content/dmk_article_40031 12) Zerbe, Kathryn J. The Body Betrayed. Carlsbad, CA: Gurze Books, 1995. Amandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17221577126688411374noreply@blogger.com0