The Total Effects Of Boot Camps That House Juveniles

The Total Effects of Boot Camps That House Juveniles: A Systematic Review of the Evidence. In the 1980s the first shock incarceration programs or boot camp was introduced for the adult’s correctional system. Since than it have rapidly grown, and widely adopted across the fields of corrections and juvenile justice. The attraction towards the shock incarceration program originated from the instinctive belief that military methods promote honorable behavior. However, for others, it is the effect of hopelessness fueled by the shortfall of more constructive opportunities. Historically, training school and juvenile correctional facilities operation have been according to the quasi-military structure in response to the high crime rates in 1960s and 1970s. Regardless of boot camps initial popularity, academics and practitioners have criticized the boot camp program on practical and ideological grounds. For instance, critics argued that boot camps structure and process are ideologically incomparable with rehabilitative treatment. Academics and practitioners argued that boot camps may be efficient at achieving their expected goals for the military, but they are contradictory to rehabilitation because it is not targeting the cause of delinquency. Likewise, boot camp can also hinder rehabilitation by relying only on negative reinforcement. Moreover, experts have argued that boot camp may be partly responsible for the abuse of participants since many boot camps stick to theShow MoreRelated Juvenile Boot Camps Do Not Reduce Juvenile Delinquency Essay3001 W ords   |  13 PagesIntroduction Juvenile delinquency is a relatively new phenomenon. For this reason, society’s reactions and solutions to the problem of delinquency are also modern developments. The United States developed the first youth court in 1899 and is now home to many new and formerly untested methods of juvenile rehabilitation and correction. One of many unique programs within the Juvenile Justice system, boot camps are institutions designed to keep delinquent juveniles out of traditional incarcerationRead MorePrison Overcrowding : The United States1535 Words   |  7 Pagesfor minor and major offences such as murder. America is hard on crime. When someone breaks the law the criminal justice’s system seeks an eye for an eye. Prison overcrowding has become a major problem in the United States, it is very expensive to house an inmate and there are other methods to punish offenders without sending them to prison for extended periods of time. The American criminal justice system is hard on cri me. It is possible that the American criminal justice system is too hard on crimeRead MoreDefinitions Of Probation And Probation Essay956 Words   |  4 Pagescontact with the offender as does intensive supervised probation (Allen and Latessa 120). The third classification of probation is house arrest, also called home detention. While searching for a safe and secure alternative to incarceration, home detention was introduced. Home detention is the confining of the offender to one’s home for the duration of their sentence. House arrest is usually ordered along with the traditional probation requirements. The offenders are often required to wear an electronicRead MoreThe Effectiveness of Probation Boot Camps2932 Words   |  12 PagesName: Tutor: Course: Date: How Effective Are Probation Boot Camps? Probation Boot Camps Probation boot camps refer to correctional centers that follow a military essential training model, which emphasizes discipline as well as physical conditioning. 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Data and information has been gathered from the FBI Uniform Crime Report, the Bureau of Justice Statistics, Amnesty International, the NAACP Legal Defense Fund, and other scholarly works. Amongst the information given here are the detrimental effects of under-funding in the correctional system, the linkRead More Criminals and Society: The Battle Between Reintegration and Recidivism3262 Words   |  14 Pagesincarcerated citizens rises, but the number of actual rehabilitated persons decreases. Even in the face of community programs aimed at aiding released offenders with their bids at reintegration, job training programs within the jails themselves, and boot camp release programs, there are often significant roadblocks to successful reintegration. Along with a general feeling of disapproval from the people within their social circles, reporting to or being visited at home or work by parole officers, repeatedRead MoreCriminals and Society: The Battle Between Reintegration and Recidivism3286 Words   |  14 Pagesincarcerated citizens rises, but the number of actual rehabilitated persons decreases. Even in the face of community programs aimed at aiding released offenders with their bids at reintegration, job training programs within the jails themselves, and boot camp release programs, there are often significant roadblocks to successful reintegration. Along with a general feeling of disapproval from the people within their social circles, reporting to or being visited at home or work by parole officers, repeatedRead MoreUnderstanding Emotional Differences between Male and Female Prisoners through Deficiency Theory and Importation Theory4979 Words   |  20 Pagesthe amount of problems posed by the establishment or the incarceration know-how which are thought to bring on specific adaptations or responses; introduction refers to dissimilar dispositions brought in from the exterior by the inmates who have an effect on their adaptation or response to the prison setting (Aday Webster, 1979). Importation factors would comprise sex differences and the demographic disparities of men and women inmates. Sex distinctions, as discussed earlier, may be biological

Descriptive Essay - Original Writing - 1471 Words

When I was a young child, my family and I would travel to Vermont to stay with my grandparents. They lived on a mountain a little way out from the small town of Troy, Vermont. The land overflowed with the most beautiful trees and wildlife that I have ever seen. My grandfather protected his lands, he ensured that no one would hunt on them so that the animals would be safe from poachers. I would sit outside in the grass of our backyard clearing and just stare out into the wilderness that surrounded me. Some of my cousins felt scared of the woods, but I loved them like they were a part of me. For hours, I would gaze into the trees and watch the wild creatures, it was peace for me. Deer’s would come so close to the clearing that I could see†¦show more content†¦Envision a world filled with nothing but cities, roads, and interstates. That there were no trees to stare at while you drove to see your family, that wonders like the Amazon Rain Forest no longer existed. Imagine what that world would be like. An environment devoid of nature, made up of only concrete and steel. This may be the human race’s fate if urbanization continues. If we stop urban encroachment on nature, such as deforestation, we can start to rebuild nature for greater chances of physical and mental wellbeing. So our children have the chance to feel the peace and happiness that I once did. A multitude of studies have been initiated to research the relationship between human health and nature. Many of these studies have found that there exists a positive association between natural environments and mental health. The more nature that people expose themselves to, the more it impacts their wellbeing. I believe that the preservation of the natural environment will have a positive effect on human health by reducing stress levels and increasing mental wellbeing and vivacity. To better understand the urgency behind the preservation of nature, one must first understand it’s long history. No one knows what the world looked like thousands of years ago, but I imagine it being wild, free, and full of life. All forms of life wandering about the Earth, living their natural lifecycles. We, the Species Homo sapiens, first appeared in Africa, soon after we

The International Company Logistics Free Essays

Logistics is the designing and managing of a system in order to control the flow of material throughout a corporation. This is a very important part of an international company because of geographical barriers. Logistics of an international company includes movement of raw materials, coordinating flows into and out of different countries, choices of transportation, cost of the transportation, packaging the product for shipment, storing the product, and managing the entire process. We will write a custom essay sample on The International Company Logistics or any similar topic only for you Order Now The concept of logistics is fairly new in the business world. The theoretical development was not used until 1966. Since then, many business practices have evolved and logistics currently costs between 10 and 25 percent of the total cost of an international purchase. There are two main phases that are important in the movement of materials: material management and physical distribution. Materials management is the timely movement of raw materials, parts, and supplies. The physical distribution is the movement of the firm†s finished products to the customers. Both phases involve every stage of the process including storage. The ultimate goal of logistics is to coordinate all efforts of the company to maintain a cost effective flow of goods. There are four logistics concepts: the systems concept, the total cost concept, the after-tax concept, and the trade-off concept. The systems concept is based on all functions of a organization working together in order to maximize benefits. This concept sometimes requires certain components of the organization to operate suboptimally in order to achieve maximum goals of the system. The total cost concept is based on the systems concept, however goal achievement is measured in terms of cost. A variation of the total cost concept is the after-tax concept. This goal of this concept is after-tax profit. This concept is becoming very popular because of the many different national tax policies. The trade-off concept links the system together in a way that is very efficient, but can have trade-offs that might be inefficient. The advantages of such high efficiency must be weighed against the risk involved. One of the largest obstacles of international logistics is geography. The distance and manner materials must be shipped is the most important step in international logistics. Transportation infrastructures vary greatly throughout the world. International companies must consider all options before starting any operation in another country. Perhaps a country could have easy access by ship, but no way to transport the goods once on the ground. All available routes into and out of the country must be determined in order to judge the feasibility of the operation. Ground shipments are excellent for neighboring countries such as the U.S. and Mexico. Normally, shipping across ground borders is fairly uneventful and is usually the best method if time and distance allow it. Ocean shipments are divided by three types of service: liner, bulk, and tramp. Liner service is regularly scheduled passages on assigned and established routes. This ship routes are similar to taking a plane somewhere. This service is used more for one-time or irregular shipments. Bulk service is contractual for a prolonged period of time. This service is for those needing to ship large quantities on a fairly regular basis. Tramp service is for irregular routes and scheduled as needed. This service would be to destinations liner service normally does not operate, and for large quantities. The type of ocean service you use also depends on where the material must go. Certain types of ships can only go to certain places, and certain ships can only carry a certain type of freight. All alternatives must be fully researched before ocean service can be considered as a valid option. The biggest advantage of ocean shipping is cost. Typically, ocean service is the least costly option, however is also has the slowest travel time. Accidents are infrequent, however if one would happen, large quantities of material are lost all at once. Certain operations could not sustain long periods of down-time caused by lost goods, which could prove devastating. Additionally, not all countries have adequate docking facilities and material may have to be delivered in another manner. Sometimes, the material can be ocean shipped to a neighboring country, and then trucked across land. Air freight is the quickest method for shipping goods. It also is the most costly. While the airfreight industry has had tremendous growth over the years, it still makes up less than 1 percent of all international freight. Typically, airfreight is used for high value items, and those required to have a short transit time. Perishable goods for instance, practically requires air shipment. Another advantage to air freight is the abundance of facilities throughout the world that are accessible by air. Transit time is another important aspect of international logistics, and is closely related to the manner in which the material is shipped. Because the ocean freight takes longer, large quantities are shipped. This requires storage of inventory in both countries. By using air freight, the smaller quantities and more periodic shipments can reduce storage costs. Air freight is also more predictable than ocean shipments. Where a ship may be a few days late, the air freight is usually only a few hours late. Predictability is important for many types of shipments, and when it is required, air freight is the mode of choice. Packaging for international shipments must also be researched. Many times, a single shipment may be trucked, air freighted, and shipped. Packaging for three different types of shipping can be tricky. The most common type of international shipping is in containers. These containers can ride on a truck and then be placed on a ship. Beyond general packaging, climate changes must also be taken into consideration. Care must be taken that the freight is not susceptible to extreme temperatures or humidity. When air freight is being used, the weight of the packaging must be considered for maximum benefit. Extremely heavy packaging can add thousands of dollars to an air freight bill. Logistics of a storage facility is also very important. How many locations and where they are located must be closely researched in order to yield the most benefit. Sometimes, a location can be chosen based on monetary benefit in addition to logistical benefit. Certain enterprise zones can greatly increase after-tax profits. These types of areas must be researched and compared for cost/benefit. The final part of logistics is how to tie this system together. All of these different options and concepts must flow together and operate as efficiently as possible. There are three basic forms of logistics management. Centralized logistics management provides that the logistics operations are headed by managers that also head other divisions of the company. This type of management helps avoid internal problems by having a central manager that ultimately decides how logistics and operations are coordinated. Decentralized logistics management is based on the fact that a company needs to have a division that helps control the local-adaptation needs. Dealing with different cultures requires input from the local branch. The managers that deal with the cultural differences on a daily basis normally know what works and what doesn†t. Outsourcing is the final option for logistics management. When this happens, transportation firms concentrate on logistics, and the company can concentrate on it†s production. There are many cost savings using this type of program, however that lack of control can negatively effect many companies. International logistics requires many different options and requirements to be met in order for a company to operate internationally. It†s like a big puzzle that must be put together, in order for all the goals to be met. As described above, there are many options to consider, and sometimes what appears to be an option really isn†t. It is not difficult to hit a road block, and you must start over with a new plan. Once the logistics plan is in place, you must constantly look for improvements in order to maximize profits and goals. How to cite The International Company Logistics, Essay examples