Effective Communication Is An Issue

Effective colloquy Is An IssueSocial puddle is a passkey and academic discipline that pursues to progress the quality of life and wellbeing of an individual, group, or community by intervening through research, policy, community organizing, direct practice, and coaching on behalf of those distressed with poverty or any very or perceived social injustices and violations of their human rights (Cavanagh Lane, 2012). To flummox all this happen, social workers have to snuff it with the hoi polloi affected and listen their problems carefully in order to take them out from the painful situation. Social work relies heavily on communicating to identify problems and solutions connect to social behaviours, including family relations, work congeal interactions and substance ab put on. Lack of communication can lead to customers shutting down, stepping away from assistance or losing trust in their social worker. maturation strong communication skills helps social workers work more eff iciently and effectively with clients, resulting in more positive outcomes with less confrontation and fewer missed opportunities.Communication is the ability to deliver/convey the thoughts, ideas or message effectively (Pathak Joshi, 2010). The exchange of thoughts, feelings, messages, or information, as by reading, speech, gestures, visuals, signals, writing, or behaviour is known as Communication. notwithstanding of the fact, that language is the main element of communication. However the linguistic structure of all the languages are same, although according to cultural differences, they are been expressed differently.There are some(prenominal)(prenominal) skills for a social work or a psychology profession to communicate with their clients, although this essay will discuss the major communication skills which should be utilize by psychological professional or a social worker towards his/her clients. Everybody needs to be heard and understood active listening is also angioten sin converting enzyme of the communication skills which make it possible (Kelan, 2007). Social workers have to focus on his/her client sayings and must answer appropriately. Listening actively will make the client feel more comfortable and in this way he/she can discuss all the issues faced.Questioning is another technique for healthier communication. It is the way in which the social worker will be able to get as much information as he/she need, to make the right decision for the client and show him/her the right path, which leads him/her towards better future.Moreover, silence is one of the virtuous types of communication which social workers exercise. Suppose, if the client is too much upset or suffering from something of real anxiety and emotional behaviour, then silence is the skill used by social workers to calm the client down. Once, the client come to normal, then the communication takes place to resolve the issue by providing different suggestion.Technical jargons or slangs are some of the barriers in communication that the client would not be able to understand. To make the communication effective and realistic, one must not use the slangs or jargons because social workers would not be having any idea, whether the language or technical edge they are using is being understood by their clients or is passing over the head of their client.Approaching open or goald question by the social workers is exercised while interviewing their clients. It is the quicker and easier way found to get quick response from the clients. Statistical interpretation can be assessed easily through close ended questions. Close questions are specific and are cost effective in survey method, although these questions do not offer the clients to express their desires and feelings.Communication skills all so often focus on picking the suitable words to reflect what theyre projected to convey, especially in social work. However listening body an important element of effective soc ial work communication. Social workers need to be vigilant about being active listeners while collaborating with clients, who may sometimes struggle to articulate their experiences. Focus attention on what clients, co-workers or controllers are saying by listening without worrying around what your reply will be. assume information to make sure youve understood, and ask additional questions to clarify information.When working with clients on a complex problem, non-verbal communication skills are critical for social workers. hinge upon or stand up straight when conversing to help stay alert. Social workers must lean towards clients when they speak to create familiarity, nodding to affirm that youre fol first-class honours degreeing along. hail-fellow-well-met eye contact should be maintained when culturally appropriate, they should not stare or prevent their eyes in awkwardness if someone begins to weep or cry. Says Pathak Joshi, 2010 that alteration into peoples breathing helps r ealize temperament held breath might specify fear, while shallow, hasty breath might reflect annoyance or a highly emotional state.It is basically a challenging task to understand the language of the people where one works, because of communication barrier (if any). The basic ttool for social work is communication, although to communicate effectively there need to be some research done. As on average, Social workers have to answer positively when they are asked several questions regarding the work they are doing for the wellbeing society or community.Social work can be very physically and emotionally demanding work. When coupled with long hours and low pay and benefits, the turnover rate for social work can be quite high, especially among first-year social workers. This can be countered if supervisors use empathic communication skills to provide support and prevent burnout. Asking your social workers focused questions can help them identify problems and solutions more quickly. Prov ide constructive feedback to recognize successes and pay negative effects of setbacks. Apologize for mistakes, misunderstandings or instances when you werent fully able to address the needs of your staff.Social workers must consistently undergo self-examinations about beliefs, attitudes, thoughts, feelings, fears and prejudices toward clients or situations to be effective communicators. Unexamined attitudes about drug use, child neglect, cultural biases or language choice may affect how you communicate with clients.It might be concluded that communication plays an important role in making relationship strong and to help other understand the right meaning to its best. The language social workers and psychology professionals use to communicate in their profession must be easy for the client understand. Psychology professional and social worker must ask questions, remain silent, gestures, communicate empathetically, listen, reflect and build rapport, clarify towards their clients wher e appropriate. Social workers or psychology professionals must be aware of assumptions held when communicating with clients, supervisors or other social workers related to the shift these may prevent them from seeing the things objectively and helping develop an appropriate solution.

Operant and Classical Conditioning in Advertising

operative and Classical Conditioning in AdvertisingBuyer deportment and marketing communicationsClassical Conditioning TheoryOperant breeding hypothesis skunk be compared to virtuous learn learning theory, as some(prenominal) are methods through which behaviour can be modified. The make difference is that operative learning is based on modifying the consequences of behaviour, whilst unpolluted instruct is based on the use of stimuli to modify behaviour. This can most clearly be seen by reference to Pavlovs (1927) and Skinners (1957) experiments. Pavlovs (1927) experiments knobbed training dogs to associate the sound of a bell with being fed. As such, the dogs learnt to drool when they heard a bell, in anticipation of food, in spite of not controlling when the food was delivered. This demonstrates upright learn learning. In contrast, Skinners (1957) experiments involved placing rats in separate boxes each of which contained a bar. When the rat pressed the bar, a consequ ence would occur. Some rats were fed when they pressed their bar, whilst others suffered an electric car shock. Other rats were given an electric shock until they pressed the bar, when the shock went away. Over time, the rats learnt to moderate their behaviour, either to obtain the benefits or to avoid the harmful mental pictures. This is an example of operant learning (Domjan, 2003).As a result of the interactive nature of operant learning, advertising has traditionally been based on classical condition, with campaigns generally intended to drive dynamic learning within consumers, thus moderating their behaviour to associate a product with a certain type of reward. Ackerberg (2003) claims that this reward can be either some make water of tangible benefits or it can be based on image, check off or prestige benefits. However, Ackerbergs (2003) look indicated that traditional advertising does not always tend to affect consumer behaviour, instead simply acting to inform consumers and enable them to choose products which fit their self image. This is beef upd by Osselaer and Alba (2000) who argue that employ the advertising process to attempt to enhance brand equity can often result in a decrease in customer knowledge of the attributes utilise to judge product quality. This is particularly the case when a company already has an existing reputation based on product quality, indicating that consumers are more than likely to trust the operant instruct they prepare developed from using products, rather than the perception of verbalise products.However, the recent rise of interactive media such as e-mail and the internet offer companies the chance to include more operant condition principles in the advertising and promotional campaigns, by allowing customers to interact with products through practical(prenominal) multimedia environments. This efficaciously allows companies to achieve a balance between indirect advertising and direct, but expensive and n arrowly focuse, product trials, whilst maintaining a wide reach. Indeed, research by Daugherty et al (2008) has shown that when comparing the direct, indirect, and virtual marketing methods, the virtual methodology can have the greatest impact on brand attitudes, particularly when it is followed up by exposure to advertising or a direct trial. This indicates that virtual advertising allows companies to obtain the best of both(prenominal) worlds, aiding in the indirect, classical conditioning, approach and the direct, operant learning, approach (Daugherty et al, 2008). As such, the consequence tends to suggest that both operant and classical learning can be used in the creation of advertising campaigns.However, evidence from Pawlowski et al (1998) shows that existing conditioning and learning pull up stakes as well play an important role in perceptions of advertising, and the ability of campaigns to affect consumer behaviour. This was demonstrated by Pawlowski et als experiments with children in the American second, fourth, and sixth grades, who were shown four advertisements. The older children were better able to interpret the metaphors from the advertisements, as well as the brand names and proper(postnominal) advertising copy. However, in spite of the increased levels of understanding with age, there was little evidence that the advertising messages improved the perceptions of the advertised products. This not only indicates that peoples experience and development lead affect their interpretation of advertising, but also that it is important to ensure that advertising is correctly pitched in order to reinforce or punish existing perceptions to boost the operant conditioning effect.Some evidences as to how this can be achieved can be found in the imprint of Ottemann and Lethans (1975), who argued that operant learning theory and behavioural modification principles could be used to affect the organisational behaviour of major organisations. Their work was based on the use of organisational behaviour modification programs, and their effectuate on the performance of first line supervisors who had been ingenious to manage their behaviour on a contingent basis. The results of said study revealed that supervisors who had been trained to moderate their behaviour, according to the operant conditions, achieved consistently superior performance levels when compared to their peers who had experienced no such training (Ottemann and Luthans, 1975). This could be argued to indicate that operant learning theory is always of use in moderating behaviour, and that this usefulness tends to be increased as the relevancy of the stimulus in increased.Within advertising, till and Priluck (2000) refer to the relevance of a stimulus, and also to stimulus generalisation, which refers to the extent to which a response conditioned to one stimulus transfers to similar stimuli. Indeed, in the context of using conditioning and learning for advertising camp aigns, stimulus generalisation is vital for factors such as brand extension and brand imitation. This argument is supported by deuce studies carried out by Till and Priluck (2000), which show that once an advertising or promotion campaign has conditioned customer attitudes towards a particular brand, they can then transfer said attitudes to a product in a similar category, or with a similar name. However, the results of the studies also suggested that this may only be a temporary effect, and that customers leave alone ultimately also need to be conditioned to the new product or category (Till and Priluck, 2000). In addition, Kim et al (1998) argue that existing attitudes and the nature of an operant learning approach can affect the extent to which these attitudes can be transferred, as well as the formation of new attitudes and product beliefs. This continues to indicate that both operant learning and classical conditioning will run into problems if they attempt to run against exis ting environmental conditioning which exists in consumers.However, Grossman and Till (1998) carried out two experiments which tended to indicate that classical conditioning learning can be used to overcome existing environmental conditioning through advertising, although this was found to be a long term effect. This finding is based on the use of classical conditioning procedures which matched favourable images and representations to a brand of mouthwash. The first experiment was based on simple exposure, the impact of which was then measured immediately after the experiment and again after one week and three weeks had elapsed. The second study used the same methods and procedures, but in a more controlled environment and over a longer period of time. This showed that not only do classical conditioning adverts tend to be durable in the minds of consumers, but also that they can gradually alter existing perceptions over time (Grossman and Till, 1998). Similar results were shown by H err and Fazio (1991), withal their research also examined the use of both attributional and cognitive, verbal learning techniques in order to maximise the conditioning affects. Such repeated and varied positioning of the brand as being favourably evaluated was shown to be more effective than simply using a single technique (Herr and Fazio, 1991).Another area in which both classical and operant learning and conditioning can be used in advertising is in the use of celebrities as conditioned stimuli to help with the associative learning process. Recent work by Till et al (2008) has established that the use of celebrities in advertising can actually have an active, operant conditioning, effect on conditioning, in spite of advertising being more of a classical conditioning medium. In addition to this, the operant learning effects will tend to be more effective when there is a fit between celebrity and product, and will also tend to be more enduring than peer products with no celebrity e ndorsement (Till et al, 2008). Similar observations have been made for the use of event or sports team sponsorship, although this has been shown to have more of a classical conditioning than an operant learning effect (Speed and Thompson, 2000). Again, the effectiveness of this approach is driven by the fit between the sponsor and event or team as well as perceptions of the sponsor and their motivations for the sponsorship (Speed and Thompson, 2000).However, in spite of the now widespread use of classical conditioning as a method for interpreting the effects of advertising, and the less wide spread use of operant learning, there are still critics of these approaches. In particular, Allen and Madden (1985) argue that there is a need for a more precise affective-conditioning hypothesis to be created in order to better describe the effects of advertising, and in the absence of unequivocal evidence to support classical conditioning effects. In addition, Stuart et al (1987) conducted exp eriments to determine exactly what classical conditioning effects could be observed within the context of advertising and consumer behaviour. These experiments demonstrated that whilst classical attitude conditioning could be observed at all four levels of stimulus pairing, environmental conditioning and latent inhibition acted to strongly retard these conditioning effects. This implies that the affect of classical conditioning approaches in advertising cannot be accurately predicted, due to the wide range of environmental and latent inhibitions which will be inborn in the majority of consumers who have already been exposed to advertising for any great length of time (Stuart et al, 1987).One example of an advertising campaign which has used classical conditioning and operant learning is the move by the supermarket chain Sainsburys to use celebrity chef Jamie Oliver to front a major advertising campaign, and effectively be the TV face of Sainsburys (Wheeler, 2003). This advertising campaign can be seen to have a strong classical conditioning effect, as it helps customers to associate the products and mark that they see in Sainsburys stores with a well recognised culinary expert. In addition, the use of a relevant celebrity will provide operant learning, something which has been supported by the inclusion of promotional materials such as Jamie Oliver recipe cards, which have been made available to customers. Wheeler (2003) provides evidence of the success of the operant conditioning impact of this campaign after Oliver demonstrated how to use Sainsburys truffle butter to cook an appetising Christmas turkey, Sainsburys reported selling more than 50,000 jars of the product. This shows that Olivers recommendations, shown on TV, on recipe cards and in store, conditioned customers to associate the butter with cooking a high quality meal, thus increasing sales.However, there is also evidence that Sainsburys has suffered somewhat from existing environmental condition ing towards Oliver, with Walker (2005) reporting that Oliver is someone that people either love or hate. As such, some people will already have negative conditioning nearly Oliver, and this conditioning will act to inhibit any conditioning around Sainsburys brand and products. In addition, Olivers actions, such as refusing to use Sainsburys farmed salmon in his restaurants despite endorsing it for the company, will also impair conditioning as people will perceive a conflict between the two stimuli (Walker, 2005). On addition, Olivers personal views can also condition customers against the Sainsburys brand, as reported by the Telegraph (2008) when Oliver attacked Sainsburys for failing to turn up to a debate on factory farming. Whilst the company allowed a superior director to be interviewed as part of the program, and none of the other major supermarkets sent representatives to the debate, the conditioned connexion between Oliver and Sainsburys means that the consequences of non attendance will likely be higher for Sainsburys, and may further impair conditioning.In addition, Sainsburys should look to boost its use of Oliver in more operant conditioning settings, in order to overcome these issues. For example, the supermarket could make use of the interactive nature of the internet to set up a cook with Jamie part of the site, where customers could download recipes and hitch how they are cooked. This would help them make associations between buying Sainsburys products and cooking appetising meals, as well as making it easier for them to cook meals once they have bought the ingredients. The campaign could also be boosted by the use of more in store activities associated with Oliver, such as holding in store tastings of products he has endorsed, or demonstrating their use in store. For example, in the week before Xmas, by holding a demonstration of how to use the truffle butter mentioned above to cook a turkey, Sainsburys could have benefitted from operant co nditioning and learning, and further boosted its sales of the product.In conclusion, in spite of the difficulties associated with using both operant conditioning and classical conditioning in advertising and promotions, it is clear that both techniques still have significant potential applications to real life advertising campaigns. In particular, the use of the internet and association with well known celebrities allows retailers, and other businesses, to benefits from the combined effects of classical conditioning and operant learning, to further boost associations. By doing so, and ensuring that the associations are relevant and pertinent to the customers, retailers can achieve both short term success, as seen in the truffle butter example above, and long term success, as described by Grossman and Till (1998), by making long term adjustments to the environmental conditioning of their customers.ReferencesAckerberg, D. A. (2003) Advertising, learning, and consumer choice in experie nce good markets an empirical examination. International Economic Review Vol. 44, outgrowth 3, p. 1007-1040.Daugherty, T. Li, H. and Biocca, F. (2008) Consumer learning and the effects of virtual experience relative to indirect and direct product experience. Psychology Marketing Vol. 25, edit 7, p. 568-586.Domjan, M. E. (2003) The Principles of schooling and Behaviour Fifth Edition. Belmont, CA Thomson / Wadsworth.Grossman, R. P. and Till, B. D. (1998) The Persistence of Classically Conditioned Brand Attitudes. Journal of Advertising Vol. 27, Issue 1, p. 23-31.Herr, P. M. and Fazio, R. H. (1991) On the Effectiveness of Repeated Positive Expressions as an Advertising Strategy. Advances in Consumer interrogation Vol. 18, Issue 1, p. 30-32.Kim, J. Jeen-Su L. and Bhargava, M. (1998) The Role of Affect in Attitude Formation A Classical Conditioning Approach. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science Vol. 26, Issue 2, p. 143-152.Osselaer, S. M. J. A. and Alba, J. W. (2000) Consumer Learning and Brand Equity. Journal of Consumer Research Vol. 27, Issue 1, p. 1-16.Ottemann, R. and Luthans, F. (1975) An Experimental Analysis Of The Effectiveness Of An Organizational Behavior Modification Program In Industry. Academy of Management legal proceeding p. 140-142.Pavlov, I. P. (1927) Conditioned Reflexes An Investigation of the Physiological Activity of the Cerebral Cortex. London Oxford University Press.Pawlowski, D. R. Badzinski, D. M. and Mitchell, N. (1998) Effects of Metaphors on Childrens Comprehension and Perception of Print Advertisements. Journal of Advertising Vol. 27, Issue 2, p. 83-98.Skinner, B. F. (1957) communicative Learning. New York Appleton-Century-Crofts.Speed, R. and Thompson, P. (2000) Determinants of Sports Sponsorship Response. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science Vol. 28, Issue 2, p. 227-238.Stuart, E. W. Shimp, T. A. and Engle, R. W. (1987) Classical Conditioning of Consumer Attitudes Four Experiments in an Advertising Context. Journ al of Consumer Research Vol. 14, Issue 3, p. 334-349.Telegraph, The (2008) Sainsburys acting chicken, says Jamie Oliver. The Daily Telegraph and Telegraph.co.uk. 8th January 2008. Accessed 20th July 2008 http//www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1574897/Sainsburys-playing-chicken,-says-Jamie-Oliver.htmlTill, B. D. and Priluck, R. L. (2000) Stimulus Generalization in Classical Conditioning An Initial Investigation and Extension. Psychology Marketing Vol. 17, Issue 1, p. 55-72.Till, B. D. Stanley, S. M. and Priluck, R. L. (2008) Classical conditioning and celebrity endorsers An examination of belongingness and resistance to extinction. Psychology Marketing Vol. 25, Issue 2, p. 179-196.Walker, A. (2005) Profile Jamie Oliver. BBC News Magazine. 30th March 2005. Accessed 20th July 2008 http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/4394025.stmWheeler, B. (2003) Sainsbury banks on fresh Oliver ads. BBC News Business. 11th June 2003. Accessed 20th July 2008 http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/2979646.st m

The Human Condition: Message Lost in the Capitalist Machine :: Hannah Arendt Human Condition Essays

The Human Condition Message Lost in the Capitalist Machine   In The Human Condition, by Hannah Arendt, the fundamental qualities of sympathetic behavior are described and analyzed. These qualities are first described by discussing the different entities present in the lives of Athenian Greeks. This partition of human life into separate units is supposed to be applied to modern American society as well, however, the structure of todays social order differs from that of quaint Greek. These disparities cause the analysis and ideas projected on the human condition to be contrasting as well.   Arendt refers to the three elements of the human condition as vita activa labor, work, and action, which correspond to the designer which human being have been granted life. According to Arendt, labor is the biological functions which define life itself, work is the artificial function of human existence and so defined as worldliness, and action is drill that goes on between man and m atter and leads to the permanence of a particular humans existence. These divisions are important in viewing the human life as a whole, seeing how Arendt divides it into two realms the private and public. The private realm is where work is executed and labor is present, and a hierarchical family is the basis of activity with the male at the top. Since work and labor are when humans are at their most natural state and in touch with their biological functions, this is the simplest celestial orbit of life. The public realm, which only exists for the dominant figure in the family, is most fast related with action and is where man gains a sense of freedom. This freedom comes from the fact that when humans meet in public, they discuss ideas and exchange views. Through this exchange, thoughts are developed free from the constraints of private life and primordial necessities. In this respect, freedom in the past Greek world was defined as the ability to contemplate thoughts and discuss s ocially. This is where the morals and ideals of society are formed and a common good is derived which creates a social standard.   These social standards and their methods of development were valid during the days of ancient Greece, but are not contemporaneous with modern American society. The society of modern America, which coincides closely with the society of the rest of Western Civilization, cannot be analyzed on the same levels that Arendt evaluates ancient Greek culture in respect to her proposed human conditions.

Background Info - creating an IT system. :: Computer Science

Background Info - creating an IT system.BACKGROUND INFO---------------Sir Alex Ferguson is the manager of Manchester United Footb every(prenominal) club.As in any football club airs play a big part. Clubs usuallycontact each former(a) to enquire somewhat the availability of accreditedplayers and to request the transfer prices. beingness Manchester United,one of the best football clubs in the world, several calls arereceived each day about players, since all the players are such highquality. The guidance the system currently works is that all callsregarding transfers are sent to Sir Alex, since all the players arehis and he has to deal with the transfer request, which involves himhaving to contact the other clubs back with transfer prices andanswers about the availability of certain players.PROBLEMSir Alex is tired of other clubs hassling him all the time to find outabout his players and feels he is wasting a kitty of precious timedealing with transfers. He is especially getting annoyed because a lotof transfers are set up and whence broken down. Sir Alex is looking for fora way for the managers of other clubs to find out about his playerswithout continually bothering him so he can concentrate more on thingslike provision and tactics so that Manchester United can try and have asuccessful campaign. This is where I come in into it. Sir Alex Fergusonand the Manchester United board have hired me to come up with a newmore efficient system that would abandon the managers of other clubs tofind out information about the availability of his players and thetransfer prices, which would allow them to make their own decisionsand then they can contact the club when they feel they are certainthey want a certain player. The end users are the managers of otherclubs.POSSIBLE SOLUTIONSSo after discussions with the board and Sir Alex, I come up with a fewpossible solutionsHiring new staff as representatives for the club, to talk to all theother clubs The way this would w ork is Sir Alex would make notesabout which players are available and give a transfer price for eachplayer. New staff would then be hired to operate the telephones andwould all possess a copy of these notes made by Sir Alex. When a clubthen rang to enquire about certain players they would then use thenotes to inform the other club if the player they want is availableand give their transfer price. If a club is totally serious aboutmaking a bud for the player the call will then be transferred to Sir

hindu :: essays research papers

The sixth century B.C., the Hindu religion and the caste system had become away of life in India. They believed that the only way to gain salvation was byobeying caste rules and following complex ritual. The people taught these ritualwere to strict, and did not meet the needs of the common people. So they started tolisten to other religions.Buddhism is a religion founded in India, that share some comparison withHinduism. Buddhism was founded by an Indian prince born about 563 B.C. Hisfather, a wealthy noble, treasured to protect his son from the harsh realites of theworld. But his father couldnt protect him forever, and when he was about 29 yearsold he saw a dying man, a sick man in pain and a religious beggar. After seeingthese things the prince worried, why was so much sorrow in the world. Then whenhe was about 35, Siddhartha Guatama decided to sit under a fig until he foundanswers. He was there for forty-nine days, and that day he saw the reason for lifesuffering and a way to ov ercome them.Gautama started to speak of Four Noble Truths. The first was, sorrow andsuffering are discussion section of life. Second, people suffer because they try to get things theycant have. Next, you had to reach a state of not wanting. The fourth they shouldhave neither besides much nor too little pleasure. Both Hinduism and Buddhism shared some of their beliefs. But there aresome differences. Buddhism placed most importance on integritys life, than i casteand they saw little value in complex rituals. He taught that a person could getenlightenment in one lifetime. As Buddhism spread, disagreements grew up aboutsome of its teachings and beliefs. At first Buddha was saw as a guideline for living. His followers saw him only as a teacher. Then a philosopher named Menius taughtthat the welfare of the people were the main concerns of a ruler. And if that wasntthe rulers main affair, he should be overthrown. Confucius a traveling bureaucratnamed Kung Fu-tzu, was regarded as Chinas greatest thinker and teacher. He wasnot really concern with the soul, the afterlife nor the worship of gods. He was moreconcern with questions of morality. Confucius had five staple relationships. Theyare between ruler and subjects, father and son, husband and wife, older and

Capital Punishment Essay - It’s Time to Turn the Other Cheek :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Capital Punishment Its Time to Turn the Other Cheek         If... he has committed murder, he must die. In this case, there is nosubstitute that lead satisfy the legal requirements of legal justice.There is nosameness of kind between death and remaining alive even under the near miserableconditions, and consequently there is no equality between crime and theretribution unless the criminal is judicially condemned and put to death.Immanuel Kant.         About 2000  men, women, and teenagers currently wait on Americas DeathRow. Their time grows shorter as federal and state courts increasingly ratifydeath penalty laws, allowing executions to proceed at an accelerated rate. Itsunlikely that any of these executions entrust make the front page, having becomemore and more a matter of routine in the last decade. Indeed, recent publicopinion polls evidence a wide margin of support for the death penalty. But humanrights a dvocates continue to decry the im lessonity of state-sanctioned killing inthe U.S., the only western modify country that continues to use thedeath penalty. Is capital penalisation moral?         Capital punishment is often defended on the grounds by the government,that society has a moral obligation to protect the safety and the welfare of itscitizens. Murderers threaten this safety and welfare. Only by putting murderersto death can society ensure that convicted killers do non kill again.         Second, those favoring capital punishment contend that society shouldsupport those practices that will bring about the greatest balance of good overevil, and capital punishment is one such practice. Capital punishment benefitssociety because it may monish violent crime.  While it is difficult to producedirect evidence to support this vociferation since, by definition, those who aredeterred by the death penalty do not co mmit murders, common sense tells us thatthey will die if they perform a certain act, they will be unwilling to performthat act. If the threat of death stays in the hand of a would-be murder, and weabolish the death penalty, we will sacrifice the lives of many innocent victimswhose murders could have been deterred. But if, in fact, the death penalty doesnot deter, and we continue to impose it, we have only sacrificed the lives ofconvicted murderers. Surely it is go for society to take a gamble that thedeath penalty deters in order to protect the lives of innocent people than totake a gamble that it doesnt deter and thereby protect the lives of murderers,while risking the lives of the innocents.         Finally, defenders of capital punishment argue that justice demands that

Challenges to Male Authority in Sophocles’ play, Antigone :: Antigone Essays

Challenges to Male Authority in Sophocles play, AntigoneIn the play Antigone by Sophocles, Creon and Antigone have distinct conflicting values.Antigone first demonstrates feminist logic when she chooses to challenge a powerful maleestablishment. This establishment is personified by her uncle Creon, who is newly crownedas the King of Thebes. Creon poses to be a major authority figure in a patriarchalsociety. Creons regard for the laws of the city causes him to abandon all other beliefs.He feels that all should obey the laws set forth by him, veritable(a) if other beliefs, moral orreligious, state otherwise. Antigone, on the other hand, holds the beliefs of the gods inhigh reverence. She feels that the laws of the gods should be obeyed above all others,especially when in respect to family. The bold, tradition-braking character of Antigoneclearly clashed with the overpowering patriarchal dominance of Creon. This collisionbetween characters gives rise to the conflict between the sexes i n Sophocles Antigone.The denial of burial to Polynices strikes directly at her family loyalty. This enormoussense of loyalty leads to her simultaneous violation and observance to the duty of womenof the time. It is precisely this loyalty that makes her an dynamical rather than a staticfigure. Antigone herself represents the highest ideals of human life -- courage and respect forthe gods. She believed that the law of the gods, which dictates that a body be givenproper burial rights, was more important than the law of the King. Throughout the play,Antigone amazingly retains the traditional role of women, while at the same time boldlychallenges this depiction. The challenge occurs as both a defiance of Creons laws inAntigones burying Polynices and as a direct verbal assault on Creon himself. Creonbecomes angry that a woman questions his sovereignty and condemns her to death eventhough she was the daughter of his sister, Jocasta. Creon believes that if he does notfollow through on his word the people of Thebes will not respect his authority as king. gum olibanum Creons patriotic values clash with Antigones ethical values to make conflictingroles. Creon, being a new king, wants to prove his abilities as a firm and sanitary administrator.Creon wants to be respected and feared as a king because this will prove him to be theultimate authorative figure in Thebes. He stands for obedience to the State. Surely it ishis vocalization the townspeople should obey. Creon abuses his power to force others to accepthis point of view.